De^2Gaze: Deformable and Decoupled Representation Learning for 3D Gaze Estimation

3D Gaze estimation is a challenging task due to two main issues. First, existing methods focus on analyzing dense features (e.g., large pixel regions), which are sensitive to local noise (e.g., light spots, blurs) and result in increased computational complexity. Second, an eyeball model can correspond multiple gaze directions, and the entangled representation between gazes and models increases the learning difficulty. To address these issues, we propose De 2 Gaze, a lightweight and accurate model-aware 3D gaze estimation method. In De 2 Gaze, we introduce two key innovations for deformable and decoupled representation learning. Specifically, first, we propose a deformable sparse attention mechanism that can adapt sparse sampling points to attention areas to avoid local noise influences. Second, we propose a spatial decoupling network with a dual-branch decoding architecture to disentangle invariant (e.g., eyeball radius, position) and variable (e.g., gaze, pupil, iris) features from the latent space. Compared to existing methods, De 2 Gaze requires fewer sparse features, and achieves faster convergence speed, lower computational complexity, and higher accuracy in 3D gaze estimation. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that De 2 Gaze achieves stateof-the-art accuracy and high-quality semantic segmentation for 3D gaze estimation on the TEyeD dataset.