From Squishing to Meaning: Exploring Data Physicalization Through Children's Embodied Experiences

Data physicalization is a promising approach for empowering children to understand and enjoy their own data. However, it relies on embodied metaphors to convey information effectively. This paper explores how to elicit children’s embodied experiences using a set of shape-changing objects that can inform the design of dynamic physicalizations. We propose a set of auxetic metamaterials, which can bend, twist, scale and shear. Following principles of tangible interaction, we conducted a study with 59 children who participated in four movement-based games before being introduced to the collection of shape-changing tangibles. Children expressed metaphors based on these activities related to concepts such as containers, rhythm, resistance, and semantic analogies, which we categorised into embodied schemas. Our findings reveal that characteristics of the shape-changing tangibles aid children in connecting their bodily experiences to dynamic transformations. Translating these insights into idea sketches, we outline how to tailor these affordable shape-changing mechanisms into usable prototypes.