Synchronization and Diversity of Solutions

A central computational problem in the realm of automata theory is the problem of determining whether a finite automaton A has a synchronizing word. This problem has found applications in a variety of subfields of artificial intelligence, including planning, robotics, and multi-agent systems. In this work, we study this problem within the framework of diversity of solutions, an up-and-coming trend in the field of artificial intelligence where the goal is to compute a set of solutions that are sufficiently distinct from one another. We define a notion of diversity of solutions that is suitable for contexts were solutions are strings that may have distinct lengths. Using our notion of diversity, we show that for each fixed r ∈ N, each fixed finite automaton A, and each finite automaton B given at the input, the problem of determining the existence of a diverse set w1, w2, . . . , wr ⊆ L(B) of words that are synchronizing for A can be solved in polynomial time. Finally, we generalize this result to the realm of conformant planning, where the goal is to devise plans that achieve a goal irrespectively of initial conditions and of nondeterminism that may occur during their execution.