Approaches for Designing Handheld Augmented Reality Learning Experiences for Mathematics Classrooms

Augmented Reality Learning Experiences (ARLEs) for classrooms provide student-centered learning. In recent years, there has been an increase in HCI research on various handheld AR learning applications and the authoring tools to design them. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the design decisions required to create ARLEs, specific to the classroom context. To analyze the same, we conducted a design workshop with 32 participants forming 8 groups to investigate approaches for designing classroom-based ARLEs. Each group consisted of an AR developer, an interaction designer, an education researcher, and a middle-grade Math teacher. The groups designed ARLEs based on a given Mathematics topic for a classroom scenario. Though the groups used varied approaches for generating design prototypes, we observed similarities between their techniques. We report the key design approaches and decisions that were adopted by these groups. The findings are articulated through the lenses of content, context and design. Based on the analysis, we discuss the design approaches relevant for the novice designers while conceptualizing the design of a handheld ARLE for classrooms.