Maverick: Rethinking TFHE Bootstrapping on GPUs via Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables arbitrary computation over encrypted data (ciphertext) without compromising confidentiality. Within this family, TFHE features versatile bootstrapping mechanisms that is attractive for security-critical applications. However, its prohibitive computational cost severely limits practical deployment. While hardware acceleration is promising, mere compute scaling fails to overcome the inherent barriers. In particular, the combination of limited algorithmic parallelism and inadequate understanding of hardware behaviors prevents full exploitation of the available performance headroom.