Elastic On-Device LLM Service

On-device Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming mobile AI, catalyzing applications like UI automation without privacy concerns. Nowadays the common practice is to deploy a single yet powerful LLM as a general task solver for multiple requests. We identify a key system challenge in this paradigm: current LLMs lack the elasticity to serve requests that have diversified Service-Level Objectives (SLOs) on inference latency. To tackle this, we present ElastiLM, an on-device LLM service that elasticizes both the model and the prompt dimension of a full LLM. It incorporates (1) a one-shot neuron-reordering method, which leverages the intrinsic permutation consistency in transformer models to generate high-quality elasticized sub-models with minimal runtime switching overhead; (2) a dual-head tiny language model, which efficiently and effectively refines the prompt and orchestrates the elastification between model and prompt. We implement such an elastic on-device LLM service on multiple COTS smartphones, and evaluate ElastiLM on both standalone NLP/mobile-agent datasets and end-to-end synthesized traces. On diverse SLOs, ElastiLM outperforms 7 strong baselines in (absolute) accuracy by up to 14.83% and 10.45% on average, with <1% TTFT switching overhead, on-par memory consumption and <100 offline GPU hours.