What's Privacy Good for? Measuring Privacy as a Shield from Harms due to AI Inference of Personal Data

We propose a harm-centric conceptualization of privacy and operationalize it in the context of using artificial intelligence (AI) in education and employment. In an online study (N=400), US college and university students reported their perceptions of 14 harms (e.g., manipulation) when AI infers personal data (e.g., demographics and personality traits) and use it in decision-making.