PERIA: Perceive, Reason, Imagine, Act via Holistic Language and Vision Planning for Manipulation

Long-horizon manipulation tasks with general instructions often implicitly encapsulate multiple sub-tasks, posing significant challenges in instruction following. While language planning is a common approach to decompose general instructions into stepwise sub-instructions, text-only guidance may lack expressiveness and lead to potential ambiguity. Considering that humans often imagine and visualize sub-instructions reasoning out before acting, the imagined subgoal images can provide more intuitive guidance and enhance the reliability of decomposition. Inspired by this, we propose PERIA ( PErceive, Reason, Imagine, Act ), a novel framework that integrates holistic language planning and vision planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks with complex instructions, leveraging both logical and intuitive aspects of task decomposition. Specifically, we first perform a lightweight multi-modal alignment on the encoding side to empower the MLLM to perceive visual details and language instructions. The MLLM is then jointly instruction-tuned with a pretrained image-editing model to unlock capabilities of simultaneous reasoning of language instructions and generation of imagined subgoals. Furthermore, we introduce a consistency alignment loss to encourage coherent subgoal images and align with their corresponding instructions, mitigating potential hallucinations and semantic conflicts between the two planning manners. Comprehensive evaluations across three task domains demonstrate that PERIA, benefiting from holistic language and vision planning, significantly outperforms competitive baselines in both instruction following accuracy and task success rate on complex manipulation tasks. The details and visualizations are available at the homepage.