CAN: Leveraging Clients As Navigators for Generative Replay in Federated Continual Learning

Federated Learning (FL) aims to develop a centralized server that learns from distributed clients via communications without accessing the clients' local data. However, existing works mainly focus on federated learning in a single task scenario with static data. In this paper, we introduce the continual federated learning (CFL) problem, where clients incrementally learn new tasks and history data cannot be stored due to certain reasons, such as limited storage and data retention policy 1 . Generative replay (GR) based methods are effective for continual learning without storing history data. However, we fail when trying to intuitively adapt GR models for this setting. By analyzing the behaviors of clients during training, we find the unstable training process caused by distributed training on non-IID data leads to a notable performance degradation. To address this problem, we propose our FedCIL model with two simple but effective solutions: 1. model consolidation and 2. consistency enforcement. Experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms baselines.