MULDE: Multiscale Log-Density Estimation via Denoising Score Matching for Video Anomaly Detection

We propose a novel approach to video anomaly detection: we treat feature vectors extracted from videos as re-alizations of a random variable with a fixed distribution and model this distribution with a neural network. This lets us estimate the likelihood of test videos and detect video anomalies by thresholding the likelihood estimates. We train our video anomaly detector using a modification of de-noising score matching, a method that injects training data with noise to facilitate modeling its distribution. To elim-inate hyperparameter selection, we model the distribution of noisy video features across a range of noise levels and introduce a regularizer that tends to align the models for different levels of noise. At test time, we combine anomaly indications at multiple noise scales with a Gaussian mix-ture model. Running our video anomaly detector induces minimal delays as inference requires merely extracting the features and forward-propagating them through a shallow neural network and a Gaussian mixture model. Our ex-periments on five popular video anomaly detection bench-marks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, both in the object-centric and in the frame-centric setup.