Hierarchical Dual-Domain Fusion with Frequency-Guided Spatial Modeling for Pan-Sharpening

Pan-sharpening aims to generate high-resolution multispectral images by integrating the spectral richness of lowresolution multispectral images with the spatial details of high-resolution panchromatic images. Although frequencydomain modeling shows great potential in this field, most existing methods are still limited to spatial-domain processing or fail to effectively capture the contextual interactions between frequency and spatial features. To address these issues, we propose a novel multi-scale frequency-spatial collaborative fusion approach. A Frequency-Spatial U-Net is introduced as the backbone network, in which frequency-spatial modeling blocks are embedded to progressively enhance the frequency-guided spatial contextual modeling capability across layers. To this end, we design a Dual Branch Frequency Attention module that adaptively enhances high-and low-frequency information. In addition, we introduce finemid-coarse resolution branches and devise a main-auxiliary multi-scale reconstruction loss to facilitate collaborative optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through extensive experiments, demonstrating superior performance in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Moreover, our model achieves the fastest inference time among all compared methods, striking an excellent balance between accuracy and efficiency.