Enhancing Cross-subject Emotion Recognition via Heterogeneous Distribution Augmentation and Collaborative Learning

Cross-subject emotion recognition aims to improve a model's generalization to previously unseen subjects. Existing methods are mainly built upon domain generalization or data augmentation, but suffer from two major limitations: 1) heavy dependence on modality-specific feature designs—almost exclusively tailored to EEG signals—resulting in limited generalizability; and 2) the widespread assumption of independently and identically distributed data, which restricts the diversity of generated samples. To address these challenges, we systematically analyze the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of emotion data and propose MixEmo , a framework that integrates heterogeneous distribution augmentation and collaborative learning. Specifically, a well-trained backbone is used to extract representations and partition them into multiple single-distribution subsets as distribution prototypes. These prototypes are randomly combined to synthesize unseen distributions, thereby enhancing distributional diversity. Finally, heterogeneous distribution collaborative learning jointly optimizes the model across subsets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MixEmo substantially improves generalization performance in cross-subject emotion recognition.