On the Impact of Formal Verification on Software Development

Auto-active verifiers like Dafny aim to make formal methods accessible to non-expert users through SMT automation. However, despite the automation and other programmer-friendly features, they remain sparsely used in real-world software development, due to the significant effort required to apply them in practice. We interviewed 14 experienced Dafny users about their experiences using it in large-scale projects. We apply grounded theory to analyze the interviews to systematically identify how auto-active verification impacts software development, and to identify opportunities to simplify the use, and hence, expand the adoption of verification in software development.