Understanding Large Language Model Vulnerabilities to Social Bias Attacks

Warning: This paper contains content that may be offensive or upsetting. Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in human-computer interaction, demonstrating remarkable linguistic capabilities across various tasks. However, there is a growing concern about their potential to perpetuate social biases present in their training data. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the vulnerabilities of contemporary LLMs to various social bias attacks, including prefix injection, refusal suppression, and learned attack prompts. We evaluate popular models such as LLaMA-2, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 across gender, racial, and religious bias types. Our findings reveal that models are generally more susceptible to gender bias attacks compared to racial or religious biases. We also explore novel aspects such as cross-bias and multiplebias attacks, finding varying degrees of transferability across bias types. Additionally, our results show that larger models and pretrained base models often exhibit higher susceptibility to bias attacks. These insights contribute to the development of more inclusive and ethically responsible LLMs, emphasizing the importance of understanding and mitigating potential bias vulnerabilities. We offer recommendations for model developers and users to enhance the robustness of LLMs against social bias attacks.