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ACL Findings2025

McBE: A Multi-task Chinese Bias Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Tian Lan, Xiangdong Su, Xu Liu, Ruirui Wang, Ke Chang, Jiang Li, Guanglai Gao

Abstract

Warning: This paper contains content that may be offensive or harmful As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to various NLP tasks, their inherent biases are gradually disclosed. Therefore, measuring biases in LLMs is crucial to mitigate its ethical risks. However, most existing bias evaluation datasets are focus on English and North American culture, and their bias categories are not fully applicable to other cultures. The datasets grounded in the Chinese language and culture are scarce. More importantly, these datasets usually only support single evaluation task and cannot evaluate the bias from multiple aspects in LLMs. To address these issues, we present a Multi-task Chinese Bias Evaluation Benchmark (McBE) that includes 4,077 bias evaluation instances, covering 12 single bias categories, 82 subcategories and introducing 5 evaluation tasks, providing extensive category coverage, content diversity, and measuring comprehensiveness. Additionally, we evaluate several popular LLMs from different series and with parameter sizes. In general, all these LLMs demonstrated varying degrees of bias. We conduct an in-depth analysis of results, offering novel insights into bias in LLMs.

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Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. F²Bench: An Open-ended Fairness Evaluation Benchmark for LLMs with Factuality ConsiderationsTian Lan, Jiang Li, Yemin Wang, Xu Liu et al.EMNLP 2025 · 3 citations
  2. Who Wrote This Line? Evaluating the Detection of LLM-Generated Classical Chinese PoetryJiang Li, Tian Lan, Shanshan Wang, Zdongxing et al.ACL 2026
  3. NBCG: Nash-Bargained Causal Game for Long-Tailed Multi-Label NLPJing Yang, Jusheng Zhang, Keze WangICML 2026

Builds on13

  1. XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual GeneralisationJunjie Hu, Sebastian Ruder, Aditya Siddhant, Graham Neubig et al.ICML 2020 · 1,132 citations
  2. BBQ: A hand-built bias benchmark for question answeringAlicia Parrish, Angelica Chen, Nikita Nangia, Vishakh Padmakumar et al.ACL Findings 2022 · 186 citations
  3. "Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference LettersYixin Wan, George Pu, Jiao Sun, Aparna Garimella et al.EMNLP Findings 2023 · 139 citations
  4. French CrowS-Pairs: Extending a challenge dataset for measuring social bias in masked language models to a language other than EnglishAurélie Névéol, Yoann Dupont, Julien Bezançon, Karën FortACL 2022 · 61 citations
  5. WinoQueer: A Community-in-the-Loop Benchmark for Anti-LGBTQ+ Bias in Large Language ModelsVirginia K. Felkner, Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Eugene Jang, Jonathan MayACL 2023 · 46 citations

Related papers

  1. GeWu: A Culturally-Grounded Chinese Benchmark for Multi-Stage Social Bias Evaluation in Large Language ModelsYi Lin, Ziyi Zhou, Jiashi Gao, Xinwei Guo et al.AAAI 2026
  2. CEB: Compositional Evaluation Benchmark for Fairness in Large Language ModelsSong Wang, Peng Wang, Tong Zhou, Yushun Dong et al.ICLR 2025
  3. SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of Large Language ModelsZhexin Zhang, Leqi Lei, Lindong Wu, Rui Sun et al.ACL 2024
  4. FB-Bench: A Fine-Grained Multi-Task Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs' Responsiveness to Human FeedbackYouquan Li, Miao Zheng, Fan Yang, Guosheng Dong et al.EMNLP 2025
  5. CIF-Bench: A Chinese Instruction-Following Benchmark for Evaluating the Generalizability of Large Language ModelsYizhi Li, Ge Zhang, Xingwei Qu, Jiali Li et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 3 citations
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