Ctrl-X: Controlling Structure and Appearance for Text-To-Image Generation Without Guidance
Kuan Heng Lin, Sicheng Mo, Ben Klingher, Fangzhou Mu, Bolei Zhou
Abstract
Recent controllable generation approaches such as FreeControl and Diffusion Self-Guidance bring fine-grained spatial and appearance control to text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models without training auxiliary modules. However, these methods optimize the latent embedding for each type of score function with longer diffusion steps, making the generation process time-consuming and limiting their flexibility and use. This work presents Ctrl-X, a simple framework for T2I diffusion controlling structure and appearance without additional training or guidance. Ctrl-X designs feed-forward structure control to enable the structure alignment with a structure image and semantic-aware appearance transfer to facilitate the appearance transfer from a user-input image. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments illustrate the superior performance of Ctrl-X on various condition inputs and model checkpoints. In particular, Ctrl-X supports novel structure and appearance control with arbitrary condition images of any modality, exhibits superior image quality and appearance transfer compared to existing works, and provides instant plug-and-play functionality to any T2I and text-to-video (T2V) diffusion model. See our project page for an overview of the results: https://genforce.github.io/ctrl-x
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext f9049b9e-d913-464f-8c81-7fbb2fd8ab0cCited by top-tier papers25
- OminiControl: Minimal and Universal Control for Diffusion TransformerZhenxiong Tan, Songhua Liu, Xingyi Yang, Qiaochu Xue et al.ICCV 2025 · 34 citations
- Inverse Virtual Try-On: Generating Multi-Category Product-Style Images from Clothed IndividualsDavide Lobba, Fulvio Sanguigni, Bin Ren, Marcella Cornia et al.ICLR 2026 · 7 citations
- AlignedGen: Aligning Style Across Generated ImagesJiexuan Zhang, Yiheng Du, Qian Wang, Weiqi Li et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 6 citations
- Unicombine: Unified Multi-Conditional Combination with Diffusion TransformerHaoxuan Wang, Jinlong Peng, Qingdong He, Hao Yang et al.ICCV 2025 · 6 citations
- DiffArtist: Towards Structure and Appearance Controllable Image StylizationRuixiang Jiang, Chang Wen ChenACM MM 2025 · 4 citations
Builds on35
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Implicit ModelsJiaming Song, Chenlin Meng, Stefano ErmonICLR 2021 · 11,743 citations
Related papers
- FreeControl: Training-Free Spatial Control of Any Text-to-Image Diffusion Model with Any ConditionSicheng Mo, Fangzhou Mu, Kuan Heng Lin, Yanli Liu et al.CVPR 2024 · 31 citations
- Dual Recursive Feedback on Generation and Appearance Latents for Pose-Robust Text-to-Image DiffusionJiwon Kim, Pu-Reum Kim, Seonhwa Kim, Soobin Park et al.ICCV 2025
- FreeControl: Efficient, Training-Free Structural Control via One-Step Attention ExtractionJiang Lin, Xinyu Chen, Song Wu, Zhiqiu Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 3 citations
- Improving Controllable Generation: Faster Training and Better Performance via x0-SupervisionAmadou S. Sangare, Adrien Maglo, Mohamed Chaouch, Bertrand LuvisonCVPR 2026 · 2 citations
- Ctrl-Adapter: An Efficient and Versatile Framework for Adapting Diverse Controls to Any Diffusion ModelHan Lin, Jaemin Cho, Abhay Zala, Mohit BansalICLR 2025
