Lune

EMNLP Findings2023

Zero-shot Topical Text Classification with LLMs - an Experimental Study

Shai Gretz, Alon Halfon, Ilya Shnayderman, Orith Toledo-Ronen, Artem Spector, Lena Dankin, Yannis Katsis, Ofir Arviv, Yoav Katz, Noam Slonim, Liat Ein-Dor

Abstract

Topical Text Classification (TTC) is an ancient, yet timely research area in natural language processing, with many practical applications. The recent dramatic advancements in large LMs raise the question of how well these models can perform in this task in a zero-shot scenario . Here, we share a first comprehensive study, comparing the zero-shot performance of a variety of LMs over TTC 23 , a large benchmark collection of 23 publicly available TTC datasets, covering a wide range of domains and styles. In addition, we leverage this new TTC benchmark to create LMs that are specialized in TTC, by fine-tuning these LMs over a subset of the datasets and evaluating their performance over the remaining, held-out datasets. We show that the TTC-specialized LMs obtain the top performance on our benchmark, by a significant margin. Our code and model are made available for the community. 1 We hope that the results presented in this work will serve as a useful guide for practitioners interested in topical text classification.

Ask Lune

Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.

Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.

Questions to start from

Lune answers from

the full paper · 4 top-tier papers that cite it · related work

Get the answer

Free to start. No credit card required.

Cited by top-tier papers4

  1. Logical and Physical Optimizations for SQL Query Execution over Large Language ModelsDario Satriani, Enzo Veltri, Donatello Santoro, Sara Rosato et al.SIGMOD 2025 · 7 citations
  2. ToxiShield: Promoting Inclusive Developer Communication through Real-Time Toxicity FilteringMd Awsaf Alam Anindya, Showvik Biswas, Anindya Iqbal, Jaydeb Sarker et al.FSE 2026 · 1 citation
  3. CoLM: Collaborative Large Models via a Client-Server ParadigmSiqi Huang, Sida Huang, Hongyuan ZhangAAAI 2026
  4. Beyond Single Representations: Multi-Model Embedding Fusion for Stable Text ClassificationJiho Gwak, Yuchul JungACL 2026

Builds on13

  1. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  2. Deberta: decoding-Enhanced Bert with Disentangled AttentionPengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Weizhu ChenICLR 2021 · 3,729 citations
  3. Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task GeneralizationVictor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Stephen H. Bach et al.ICLR 2022 · 1,976 citations
  4. The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction TuningShayne Longpre, Le Hou, Tu Vu, Albert Webson et al.ICML 2023 · 908 citations
  5. XGLUE: A New Benchmark Datasetfor Cross-lingual Pre-training, Understanding and GenerationYaobo Liang, Nan Duan, Yeyun Gong, Ning Wu et al.EMNLP 2020 · 232 citations

Related papers

  1. Label Agnostic Pre-training for Zero-shot Text ClassificationChristopher Clarke, Yuzhao Heng, Yiping Kang, Krisztián Flautner et al.ACL Findings 2023 · 5 citations
  2. Do BERT-Like Bidirectional Models Still Perform Better on Text Classification in the Era of LLMs?Junyan Zhang, Yiming Huang, Shuliang Liu, Yubo Gao et al.EMNLP Findings 2025 · 5 citations
  3. Rethinking Multimodal Time-Series Forecasting EvaluationHaoxin Liu, Yichen Zhou, Rajat Sen, B. Aditya Prakash et al.ICML 2026 · 3 citations
  4. LaFTer: Label-Free Tuning of Zero-shot Classifier using Language and Unlabeled Image CollectionsMuhammad Jehanzeb Mirza, Leonid Karlinsky, Wei Lin, Horst Possegger et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 63 citations
  5. Zero-Shot Text Classification with Self-TrainingAriel Gera, Alon Halfon, Eyal Shnarch, Yotam Perlitz et al.EMNLP 2022 · 48 citations
Dusk over the sea between two cliffs drawn in fine vertical lines