Geographic Citation Gaps in NLP Research
Mukund Rungta, Janvijay Singh, Saif M. Mohammad, Diyi Yang
Abstract
In a fair world, people have equitable opportunities to education, to conduct scientific research, to publish, and to get credit for their work, regardless of where they live. However, it is common knowledge among researchers that a vast number of papers accepted at top NLP venues come from a handful of western countries and (lately) China; whereas, very few papers from Africa and South America get published. Similar disparities are also believed to exist for paper citation counts. In the spirit of "what we do not measure, we cannot improve", this work asks a series of questions on the relationship between geographical location and publication success (acceptance in top NLP venues and citation impact). We first created a dataset of 70,000 papers from the ACL Anthology, extracted their meta-information, and generated their citation network. We then show that not only are there substantial geographical disparities in paper acceptance and citation but also that these disparities persist even when controlling for a number of variables such as venue of publication and sub-field of NLP. Further, despite some steps taken by the NLP community to improve geographical diversity, we show that the disparity in publication metrics across locations is still on an increasing trend since the early 2000s. We release our code and dataset here: https://github.com/ iamjanvijay/acl-cite-net .
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext f2725fe3-b8ca-4c56-9f00-42937d58bc6fCited by top-tier papers3
- Forgotten Knowledge: Examining the Citational Amnesia in NLPJanvijay Singh, Mukund Rungta, Diyi Yang, Saif M. MohammadACL 2023 · 8 citations
- To Build Our Future, We Must Know Our Past: Contextualizing Paradigm Shifts in Natural Language ProcessingSireesh Gururaja, Amanda Bertsch, Clara Na, David Gray Widder et al.EMNLP 2023 · 6 citations
- We are Who We Cite: Bridges of Influence Between Natural Language Processing and Other Academic FieldsJan Philip Wahle, Terry Ruas, Mohamed Abdalla, Bela Gipp et al.EMNLP 2023 · 6 citations
Builds on1
Related papers
- Examining Citations of Natural Language Processing LiteratureSaif M. MohammadACL 2020
- Good Intentions Beyond ACL: Who Does NLP for Social Good, and Where?Grace LeFevre, Qingcheng Zeng, Adam Leif, Jason Jewell et al.EMNLP 2025
- AI Sees Your Location - But With A Bias Toward The Wealthy WorldJingyuan Huang, Jen-tse Huang, Ziyi Liu, Xiaoyuan Liu et al.EMNLP 2025
- Addressing Linguistic Bias through a Contrastive Analysis of Academic Writing in the NLP DomainRobert Ridley, Zhen Wu, Jianbing Zhang, Shujian Huang et al.EMNLP 2023 · 3 citations
- A Survey of Race, Racism, and Anti-Racism in NLPAnjalie Field, Su Lin Blodgett, Zeerak Waseem, Yulia TsvetkovACL 2021
