Scaling Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Tool-Integrated Reasoning in VLMs
Meng Lu, Ran Xu, Yi Fang, Wenxuan Zhang, Yue Yu, Gaurav Srivastava, Yuchen Zhuang, Mohamed Elhoseiny, Charles Fleming, Carl Yang, Zhengzhong Tu, Yang Xie
Abstract
While recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong image understanding, their ability to "think with images," i.e., to reason through multi-step visual interactions, remains limited. We introduce VISTA-Gym, a scalable training environment for incentivizing tool-integrated visual reasoning capabilities in VLMs. VISTA-Gym unifies diverse real-world multimodal reasoning tasks (7 tasks from 13 datasets in total) with a standardized interface for visual tools (e.g., grounding, parsing), executable interaction loops, verifiable feedback signals, and efficient trajectory logging, enabling visual agentic reinforcement learning at scale. While recent VLMs exhibit strong text-only reasoning, both proprietary and open-source models still struggle with tool selection, invocation, and coordination. With VISTA-Gym, we train VISTA-R1 to interleave tool-use with agentic reasoning via multi-turn trajectory sampling and end-to-end reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments across 11 public reasoning-intensive VQA benchmarks show that VISTA-R1-8B outperforms state-of-the-art baselines with similar sizes by 9.51%-18.72%, demonstrating VISTA-Gym as an effective training ground to unlock the tool-integrated reasoning capabilities for VLMs. Code and data of VISTA-Gym and VISTA-R1 can be found at https://github.com/Lucanyc/VISTA-Gym.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext ee68affa-6c28-43ad-92cd-dbab240799e4Cited by top-tier papers2
- Zooming without Zooming: Region-to-Image Distillation for Fine-Grained Multimodal PerceptionLai Wei, Liangbo He, jun lan, Lingzhong Dong et al.ICML 2026 · 27 citations
- JudgeBoard: Benchmarking and Enhancing Small Language Models for Reasoning EvaluationZhenyu Bi, Gaurav Srivastava, Yang Li, Swastik Roy et al.AAAI 2026
Builds on36
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Segment AnythingAlexander Kirillov, Eric Mintun, Nikhila Ravi, Hanzi Mao et al.ICCV 2023 · 13,211 citations
- DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at ScaleQiying Yu, Zheng Zhang, Ruofei Zhu, Yufeng Yuan et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 2,828 citations
- Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question AnsweringPan Lu, Swaroop Mishra, Tanglin Xia, Liang Qiu et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 2,727 citations
- MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual ContextsPan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu et al.ICLR 2024 · 1,472 citations
Related papers
- SpaceTools: Tool-Augmented Spatial Reasoning via Double Interactive RLSiyi Chen, Mikaela Angelina Uy, Chan Hee Song, Faisal Ladhak et al.CVPR 2026 · 24 citations
- Vision-G1: Towards General Reasoning Vision-Language Models via Reinforcement LearningYuheng Zha, Kun Zhou, Yujia Wu, Yushu Wang et al.AAAI 2026
- OpenVLThinker: Complex Vision-Language Reasoning via Iterative SFT-RL CyclesYihe Deng, Hritik Bansal, Fan Yin, Nanyun Peng et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 61 citations
- WebGym: Scaling Training Environments for Long-Horizon Visual Web Agents with Realistic TasksHao Bai, Alexey Taymanov, Tong Zhang, Aviral Kumar et al.CVPR 2026
- Learning to Select Visual Tools from ExperienceZeyi Huang, Yuyang Ji, Anirudh Sundara Rajan, Zefan Cai et al.CVPR 2026
