Enhancing Visual Localization with Cross-Domain Image Generation

Visual localization aims to predict the absolute camera pose for a single query image. However, predominant methods focus on single-camera images and scenes with limited appearance variations, limiting their applicability to cross-domain scenes commonly encountered in real-world applications. Furthermore, the long-tail distribution of cross-domain datasets poses additional challenges for visual localization. In this work, we propose a novel cross-domain data generation method to enhance visual localization methods. To achieve this, we first construct a crossdomain 3DGS to accurately model photometric variations and mitigate the interference of dynamic objects in large-scale scenes. We introduce a text-guided image editing model to enhance data diversity for addressing the long-tail distribution problem and design an effective finetuning strategy for it. Then, we develop an anchorbased method to generate high-quality datasets for visual localization. Finally, we introduce positional attention to address data ambiguities in cross-camera images. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, outperforming existing cross-domain visual localization methods by an average of 59% across all domains. Project page: https: //yzwang-sjtu.github.io/CDG-Loc .