Malicious Package Detection using Metadata Information
Sajal Halder, Michael Bewong, Arash Mahboubi, Yinhao Jiang, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md Zahidul Islam, Ryan H. L. Ip, Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed, Gowri Sankar Ramachandran, Muhammad Ali Babar
Abstract
Protecting software supply chains from malicious packages is paramount in the evolving landscape of software development. Attacks on the software supply chain involve attackers injecting harmful software into commonly used packages or libraries in a software repository. For instance, JavaScript uses Node Package Manager (NPM), and Python uses Python Package Index (PyPi) as their respective package repositories. In the past, NPM has had vulnerabilities such as the event-stream incident, where a malicious package was introduced into a popular NPM package, potentially impacting a wide range of projects. As the integration of third-party packages becomes increasingly ubiquitous in modern software development, accelerating the creation and deployment of applications, the need for a robust detection mechanism has become critical. On the other hand, due to the sheer volume of new packages being released daily, the task of identifying malicious packages presents a significant challenge. To address this issue, in this paper, we introduce a metadata-based malicious package detection model, MeMPtec. This model extracts a set of features from package metadata information. These extracted features are classified as either easy-to-manipulate (ETM) or difficult-to-manipulate (DTM) features based on monotonicity and restricted control properties. By utilising these metadata features, not only do we improve the effectiveness of detecting malicious packages, but also we demonstrate its resistance to adversarial attacks in comparison with existing state-of-the-art. Our experiments indicate a significant reduction in both false positives (up to 97.56%) and false negatives (up to 91.86%). CCS CONCEPTS • Security and privacy → Software security engineering; Malware and its mitigation.
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Cited by top-tier papers4
- SpiderScan: Practical Detection of Malicious NPM Packages Based on Graph-Based Behavior Modeling and MatchingYiheng Huang, Ruisi Wang, Wen Zheng, Zhuotong Zhou et al.ASE 2024 · 4 citations
- ConfuGuard: Using Metadata to Detect Active and Stealthy Package Confusion Attacks Accurately and at ScaleWenxin Jiang, Berk Çakar, Mikola Lysenko, James C DavisICSE 2026 · 2 citations
- Bridging Expert Reasoning and LLM Detection: A Knowledge-Driven Framework for Malicious PackagesWenbo Guo, Shiwen Song, Jiaxun Guo, Zhengzi Xu et al.WWW 2026
- MalTotal: Cost-Effective and Language-Agnostic Malicious Code Poisoning Detection for Millions of RepositoriesJian Zhao, Shenao Wang, Qingyang Wu, Yanjie Zhao et al.ISSTA 2026
Builds on7
- Small World with High Risks: A Study of Security Threats in the npm EcosystemMarkus Zimmermann, Cristian-Alexandru Staicu, Cam Tenny, Michael PradelUSENIX Security 2019 · 281 citations
- Graph Embedding for Recommendation against Attribute Inference AttacksShijie Zhang, Hongzhi Yin, Tong Chen, Zi Huang et al.WWW 2021 · 109 citations
- CoProtector: Protect Open-Source Code against Unauthorized Training Usage with Data PoisoningZhensu Sun, Xiaoning Du, Fu Song, Mingze Ni et al.WWW 2022 · 95 citations
- Demystifying the Vulnerability Propagation and Its Evolution via Dependency Trees in the NPM EcosystemChengwei Liu, Sen Chen, Lingling Fan, Bihuan Chen et al.ICSE 2022 · 94 citations
- Practical Automated Detection of Malicious npm PackagesAdriana Sejfia, Max SchäferICSE 2022 · 65 citations
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