PerEye: Co-Designing Extended Reality Rendering Attributes for Vision Health Diagnosis and Education

Vision health is a critical domain of clinical practice, yet global access to diagnosis, rehabilitation, and education remains uneven due to economic and geographic disparities. Extended reality (XR) offers opportunities to extend clinical services through portable assessments and interactive simulations, but its design for vision health has been constrained by technical and translational challenges. This paper presents three studies within a sustained co-design process examining how immersive rendering tools can support vision care across clinical and educational contexts. First, we worked with clinicians to map rendering attributes to clinically meaningful functions, identifying opportunities for diagnostic and training use. Second, we evaluated a prototype visual field assessment, demonstrating feasibility in a diagnostic setting. Third, we applied vision simulations in orthoptic training, enhancing empathy and understanding in an educational setting. Together, these studies show how engaging domain experts advances XR tools for vision health, informing diagnosis, patient–clinician communication, and professional education.