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ACL Findings2024

ReLiK: Retrieve and LinK, Fast and Accurate Entity Linking and Relation Extraction on an Academic Budget

Riccardo Orlando, Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, Edoardo Barba, Roberto Navigli

Abstract

Entity Linking (EL) and Relation Extraction (RE) are fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing, serving as critical components in a wide range of applications. In this paper, we propose ReLiK, a Retriever-Reader architecture for both EL and RE, where, given an input text, the Retriever module undertakes the identification of candidate entities or relations that could potentially appear within the text. Subsequently, the Reader module is tasked to discern the pertinent retrieved entities or relations and establish their alignment with the corresponding textual spans. Notably, we put forward an innovative input representation that incorporates the candidate entities or relations alongside the text, making it possible to link entities or extract relations in a single forward pass and to fully leverage pre-trained language models contextualization capabilities, in contrast with previous Retriever-Reader-based methods, which require a forward pass for each candidate. Our formulation of EL and RE achieves state-of-the-art performance in both indomain and out-of-domain benchmarks while using academic budget training and with up to 40x inference speed compared to competitors. Finally, we show how our architecture can be used seamlessly for Information Extraction (cIE), i.e. EL + RE, and setting a new state of the art by employing a shared Reader that simultaneously extracts entities and relations. * The core of the work by Pere-Lluís was carried out while working at Babelscape. † Contributed equally.

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Cited by top-tier papers4

  1. Evaluating Design Decisions for Dual Encoder-based Entity DisambiguationSusanna Rücker, Alan AkbikACL 2025 · 2 citations
  2. BOOKCOREF: Coreference Resolution at Book ScaleGiuliano Martinelli, Tommaso Bonomo, Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, Roberto NavigliACL 2025
  3. RAED: Retrieval-Augmented Entity Description Generation for Emerging Entity Linking and DisambiguationKarim Ghonim, Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, Riccardo Orlando, Roberto NavigliEMNLP 2025
  4. Decoding on Graphs: Faithful and Sound Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs through Generation of Well-Formed ChainsKun Li, Tianhua Zhang, Xixin Wu, Hongyin Luo et al.ACL 2025

Builds on17

  1. On the Variance of the Adaptive Learning Rate and BeyondLiyuan Liu, Haoming Jiang, Pengcheng He, Weizhu Chen et al.ICLR 2020 · 2,210 citations
  2. K-BERT: Enabling Language Representation with Knowledge GraphWeijie Liu, Peng Zhou, Zhe Zhao, Zhiruo Wang et al.AAAI 2020 · 898 citations
  3. LUKE: Deep Contextualized Entity Representations with Entity-aware Self-attentionIkuya Yamada, Akari Asai, Hiroyuki Shindo, Hideaki Takeda et al.EMNLP 2020 · 562 citations
  4. ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than GeneratorsKevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, Christopher D. ManningICLR 2020 · 541 citations
  5. DeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding SharingPengcheng He, Jianfeng Gao, Weizhu ChenICLR 2023 · 394 citations

Related papers

  1. ITER: Iterative Transformer-based Entity Recognition and Relation ExtractionMoritz Hennen, Florian Babl, Michaela GeierhosEMNLP Findings 2024
  2. AnchorAlign: A Novel Anchor Alignment-enhanced Generative Method for Joint Named Entity Recognition and Relation ExtractionXiaolong Weng, Yuanyun Zhou, Boyu Qiu, Zehua Wang et al.ACL Findings 2026
  3. On the Role of Discriminative Models in Generative Relation ExtractionGuozheng Li, Peng Wang, Zijie Xu, Jing Zhou et al.ACL 2026
  4. EntQA: Entity Linking as Question AnsweringWenzheng Zhang, Wenyue Hua, Karl StratosICLR 2022 · 64 citations
  5. Retrieval over Classification: Integrating Relation Semantics for Multimodal Relation ExtractionLei Hei, Tingjing Liao, Peiyingxin, Yiyang Qi et al.EMNLP 2025
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