Text2midi: Generating Symbolic Music from Captions
Keshav Bhandari, Abhinaba Roy, Kyra Wang, Geeta Puri, Simon Colton, Dorien Herremans
Abstract
This paper introduces text2midi, an end-to-end model to generate MIDI files from textual descriptions. Leveraging the growing popularity of multimodal generative approaches, text2midi capitalizes on the extensive availability of textual data and the success of large language models (LLMs). Our end-to-end system harnesses the power of LLMs to generate symbolic music in the form of MIDI files. Specifically, we utilize a pretrained LLM encoder to process captions, which then condition an autoregressive transformer decoder to produce MIDI sequences that accurately reflect the provided descriptions. This intuitive and user-friendly method significantly streamlines the music creation process by allowing users to generate music pieces using text prompts. We conduct comprehensive empirical evaluations, incorporating both automated and human studies, that show our model generates MIDI files of high quality that are indeed controllable by text captions that may include music theory terms such as chords, keys, and tempo. We release the code and music samples on our demo page 1 for users to interact with text2midi.
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Cited by top-tier papers2
- MIDILM: A Dual-Path Model for Controllable Text-to-MIDI GenerationShuyu Li, Dooho Choi, Yunsick SungAAAI 2026
- Amadeus: Autoregressive Model with Bidirectional Attribute Modelling for Symbolic MusicHongju Su, Ke Li, Lan Yang, Honggang Zhang et al.ACL 2026
Builds on6
- Zero-Shot Text-to-Image GenerationAditya Ramesh, Mikhail Pavlov, Gabriel Goh, Scott Gray et al.ICML 2021 · 6,356 citations
- FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-AwarenessTri Dao, Daniel Y. Fu, Stefano Ermon, Atri Rudra et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 5,493 citations
- Simple and Controllable Music GenerationJade Copet, Felix Kreuk, Itai Gat, Tal Remez et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 843 citations
- Pop Music Transformer: Beat-based Modeling and Generation of Expressive Pop Piano CompositionsYu-Siang Huang, Yi-Hsuan YangACM MM 2020 · 265 citations
- Museformer: Transformer with Fine- and Coarse-Grained Attention for Music GenerationBotao Yu, Peiling Lu, Rui Wang, Wei Hu et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 104 citations
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