A Continuous Time Framework for Discrete Denoising Models
Andrew Campbell, Joe Benton, Valentin De Bortoli, Thomas Rainforth, George Deligiannidis, Arnaud Doucet
Abstract
We provide the first complete continuous time framework for denoising diffusion models of discrete data. This is achieved by formulating the forward noising process and corresponding reverse time generative process as Continuous Time Markov Chains (CTMCs). The model can be efficiently trained using a continuous time version of the ELBO. We simulate the high dimensional CTMC using techniques developed in chemical physics and exploit our continuous time framework to derive high performance samplers that we show can outperform discrete time methods for discrete data. The continuous time treatment also enables us to derive a novel theoretical result bounding the error between the generated sample distribution and the true data distribution.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext e21e97b3-d93c-4faa-a5aa-ee1c75eee5aeCited by top-tier papers229
- Large Language Diffusion ModelsShen Nie, Fengqi Zhu, Zebin You, Xiaolu Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 949 citations
- Simple and Effective Masked Diffusion Language ModelsSubham S. Sahoo, Marianne Arriola, Yair Schiff, Aaron Gokaslan et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 929 citations
- Simplified and Generalized Masked Diffusion for Discrete DataJiaxin Shi, Kehang Han, Zhe Wang, Arnaud Doucet et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 693 citations
- TabDDPM: Modelling Tabular Data with Diffusion ModelsAkim Kotelnikov, Dmitry Baranchuk, Ivan Rubachev, Artem BabenkoICML 2023 · 518 citations
- Discrete Diffusion Modeling by Estimating the Ratios of the Data DistributionAaron Lou, Chenlin Meng, Stefano ErmonICML 2024 · 473 citations
Builds on16
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image SynthesisPrafulla Dhariwal, Alexander Quinn NicholNeurIPS 2021 · 13,211 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Implicit ModelsJiaming Song, Chenlin Meng, Stefano ErmonICLR 2021 · 11,743 citations
- Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-SpacesJacob Austin, Daniel D. Johnson, Jonathan Ho, Daniel Tarlow et al.NeurIPS 2021 · 2,256 citations
- Diffusion Schrödinger Bridge with Applications to Score-Based Generative ModelingValentin De Bortoli, James Thornton, Jeremy Heng, Arnaud DoucetNeurIPS 2021 · 811 citations
Related papers
- Bridging discrete and continuous state spaces: Exploring the Ehrenfest process in time-continuous diffusion modelsLudwig Winkler, Lorenz Richter, Manfred OpperICML 2024 · 6 citations
- Modeling Temporal Data as Continuous Functions with Stochastic Process DiffusionMarin Bilos, Kashif Rasul, Anderson Schneider, Yuriy Nevmyvaka et al.ICML 2023 · 56 citations
- Why Masking Diffusion Works: Condition on the Jump Schedule for Improved Discrete DiffusionAlan Nawzad Amin, Nate Gruver, Andrew Gordon WilsonNeurIPS 2025 · 18 citations
- Blackout Diffusion: Generative Diffusion Models in Discrete-State SpacesJavier E. Santos, Zachary R. Fox, Nicholas Lubbers, Yen Ting LinICML 2023 · 28 citations
- Discrete-state Continuous-time Diffusion for Graph GenerationZhe Xu, Ruizhong Qiu, Yuzhong Chen, Huiyuan Chen et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 92 citations
