JASMINE: Arabic GPT Models for Few-Shot Learning
El Moatez Billah Nagoudi, Muhammad Abdul-Mageed, AbdelRahim A. Elmadany, Alcides Alcoba Inciarte, Md. Tawkat Islam Khondaker
Abstract
Scholarship on generative pretraining (GPT) remains acutely Anglocentric, leaving serious gaps in our understanding of the whole class of autoregressive models. For example, we have little knowledge about the potential of these models and their societal impacts in diverse linguistic and cultural settings. We alleviate this issue for Arabic, a wide collection of languages and dialectal varieties with ∼ 450 million population, by introducing JASMINE. JASMINE is a suite of powerful Arabic autoregressive Transformer language models ranging in size between 300 million-6.7 billion parameters pretrained on a large and diverse dataset (∼ 235GB of text). We also carefully design and release a comprehensive benchmark for both automated and human evaluation of Arabic autoregressive models, with coverage of potential social biases, harms, and toxicity. Using our novel benchmark, we evaluate JAS-MINE extensively showing powerful performance intrinsically as well as in few-shot learning on a wide range of NLP tasks. We aim to responsibly release our models and evaluation benchmark with interested researchers, along with code for experimenting with them.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers5
- ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and EnglishM. Saiful Bari, Yazeed Alnumay, Norah A. Alzahrani, Nouf M. Alotaibi et al.ICLR 2025 · 4 citations
- Metrics for What, Metrics for Whom: Assessing Actionability of Bias Evaluation Metrics in NLPPieter Delobelle, Giuseppe Attanasio, Debora Nozza, Su Lin Blodgett et al.EMNLP 2024 · 4 citations
- Social Bias in Multilingual Language Models: A SurveyLance Calvin Lim Gamboa, Yue Feng, Mark G. LeeEMNLP 2025
- Palm: A Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse Dataset for Arabic LLMsFakhraddin Alwajih, Abdellah El Mekki, Samar Mohamed Magdy, AbdelRahim A. Elmadany et al.ACL 2025
- NileChat: Towards Linguistically Diverse and Culturally Aware LLMs for Local CommunitiesAbdellah El Mekki, Houdaifa Atou, Omer Nacar, Shady Shehata et al.EMNLP 2025
Builds on16
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
- Finetuned Language Models are Zero-Shot LearnersJason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Y. Zhao, Kelvin Guu et al.ICLR 2022 · 4,966 citations
- Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task GeneralizationVictor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Stephen H. Bach et al.ICLR 2022 · 1,976 citations
- Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order SensitivityYao Lu, Max Bartolo, Alastair Moore, Sebastian Riedel et al.ACL 2022 · 1,494 citations
Related papers
- Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models and their Evaluation for Arabic Natural Language ProcessingAbbas Ghaddar, Yimeng Wu, Sunyam Bagga, Ahmad Rashid et al.EMNLP 2022 · 17 citations
- Benchmarking Large Language Model Capabilities for Conditional GenerationJoshua Maynez, Priyanka Agrawal, Sebastian GehrmannACL 2023 · 6 citations
- ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for ArabicMuhammad Abdul-Mageed, AbdelRahim A. Elmadany, El Moatez Billah NagoudiACL 2021
- AraT5: Text-to-Text Transformers for Arabic Language GenerationEl Moatez Billah Nagoudi, AbdelRahim A. Elmadany, Muhammad Abdul-MageedACL 2022 · 175 citations
- TounsiBench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Tunisian ArabicSouha Hassine, Asma Arrak, Marouene Addhoum, Steven R. WilsonEMNLP 2025
