Diffusion Language Model Parallel Decoding via Product-of-Experts Bridge
Juntong Shi, Brian Trippe, Jure Leskovec, Stefano Ermon, Minkai Xu
Abstract
Diffusion language models (DLMs) offer substantial speed advantages through parallel decoding, but the lack of token dependencies limits generation quality compared to autoregressive (AR) models. Recent progress attempts to bridge the gap via importance sampling, with DLM being the proposal and AR being the target. However, due to the huge gap between their distributions, the sampling requires a large number of particles and is thus expensive to compute. In this paper, we introduce PoE-Bridge, a novel decoding framework that drastically improves generation speed and accuracy by introducing an intermediate distribution to bridge the gap. The distribution is constructed as a Product-of-Experts (PoE) of the DLM proposal and the AR target. With the intermediate distribution, we first use the DLM to draft multiple continuations in parallel, then apply rejection sampling to verify the drafted tokens and move the resulting candidates toward the PoE. We then use importance sampling to further correct the PoE-aligned candidates toward the AR target. We further propose several improved techniques, including mixed-temperature sampling for enhanced diversity and elastic rejection windows for reducing wasted verification. Empirically, PoE-Bridge achieves significantly improved accuracy with speedup over the standard DLM decoding approach, and recovers at least 95% of the target AR model's performance, efficiently advancing most of the quality gap on challenging mathematical reasoning and coding tasks. Our code is available at https://github.com/juntongshi48/poe-bridge.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext e148fff9-9034-4895-af5c-cdf7d76fb0deBuilds on14
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-SpacesJacob Austin, Daniel D. Johnson, Jonathan Ho, Daniel Tarlow et al.NeurIPS 2021 · 2,256 citations
- Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative DecodingYaniv Leviathan, Matan Kalman, Yossi MatiasICML 2023 · 1,472 citations
- Large Language Diffusion ModelsShen Nie, Fengqi Zhu, Zebin You, Xiaolu Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 949 citations
- Simple and Effective Masked Diffusion Language ModelsSubham S. Sahoo, Marianne Arriola, Yair Schiff, Aaron Gokaslan et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 929 citations
Related papers
- Accelerating Diffusion LLMs via Adaptive Parallel DecodingDaniel Israel, Guy Van den Broeck, Aditya GroverNeurIPS 2025 · 114 citations
- DFlash: Block Diffusion for Flash Speculative DecodingJian Chen, Yesheng Liang, Zhijian LiuICML 2026
- d3LLM: Ultra-Fast Diffusion LLM using Pseudo-Trajectory DistillationYu-Yang Qian, Junda Su, Lanxiang Hu, Peiyuan Zhang et al.ICML 2026 · 33 citations
- ParallelBench: Understanding the Trade-offs of Parallel Decoding in Diffusion LLMsWonjun Kang, Kevin Galim, Seunghyuk Oh, Minjae Lee et al.ICLR 2026 · 49 citations
- dParallel: Learnable Parallel Decoding for dLLMsZigeng Chen, Gongfan Fang, Xinyin Ma, Ruonan Yu et al.ICLR 2026 · 64 citations
