Exploring More to Solve More: Boosting Diversity in Text Diffusion Models via Entropy-Based Guidance
Jingwei Zhang, Haoyu LEI, Zijin Feng, Jiacheng Sun, Farzan Farnia
Abstract
Although diffusion models have revolutionized continuous domains like image synthesis through high quality generations and controllable guidance mechanisms, bringing this controllability to the discrete, sequential nature of text remains an open challenge. Meanwhile, current sampling strategies and guidance methods adjust token likelihoods without capturing the broader semantic landscape, leading to a suboptimal balance between fidelity and diversity. In this work, we introduce a novel training-free Semantic-Aware Kernel Entropy (SAKE) guidance method. Our method computes the order-2 Rényi entropy over a kernel Gram matrix that captures both cross-token semantic interactions and relative token positions. By linearizing this objective in the embedding space, we derive a tractable guidance signal that dynamically adjusts the sampling distribution—flattening it to encourage exploration during redundancy and sharpening it for fidelity when diverse. Empirical experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves a superior Pareto frontier between fidelity and diversity, and improves multi-sample performance on reasoning-intensive tasks, such as code and mathematics generation, compared to temperature scaling and discrete guidance baselines.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext dd958fab-e449-4878-a76f-87947661cd89Builds on39
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image SynthesisPrafulla Dhariwal, Alexander Quinn NicholNeurIPS 2021 · 13,211 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language ModelsShunyu Yao, Dian Yu, Jeffrey Zhao, Izhak Shafran et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 5,068 citations
Related papers
- SPARKE: Scalable Prompt-Aware Diversity and Novelty Guidance in Diffusion Models via RKE ScoreMohammad Jalali, Haoyu Lei, Amin Gohari, Farzan FarniaNeurIPS 2025 · 15 citations
- Improving Sampling for Masked Diffusion Models via Information GainKaisen Yang, Jayden Teoh, Kaicheng Yang, Yitong Zhang et al.ICML 2026 · 6 citations
- Training-Free Safe Text Embedding Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion ModelsByeonghu Na, Mina Kang, Jiseok Kwak, Minsang Park et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 8 citations
- Theoretical insights for diffusion guidance: A case study for Gaussian mixture modelsYuchen Wu, Minshuo Chen, Zihao Li, Mengdi Wang et al.ICML 2024 · 47 citations
- A General Framework for Inference-time Scaling and Steering of Diffusion ModelsRaghav Singhal, Zachary Horvitz, Ryan Teehan, Mengye Ren et al.ICML 2025
