Circumventing Concept Erasure Methods For Text-To-Image Generative Models
Minh Pham, Kelly O. Marshall, Niv Cohen, Govind Mittal, Chinmay Hegde
Abstract
Text-to-image generative models can produce photo-realistic images for an extremely broad range of concepts, and their usage has proliferated widely among the general public. On the flip side, these models have numerous drawbacks, including their potential to generate images featuring sexually explicit content, mirror artistic styles without permission, or even hallucinate (or deepfake) the likenesses of celebrities. Consequently, various methods have been proposed in order to"erase"sensitive concepts from text-to-image models. In this work, we examine five recently proposed concept erasure methods, and show that targeted concepts are not fully excised from any of these methods. Specifically, we leverage the existence of special learned word embeddings that can retrieve"erased"concepts from the sanitized models with no alterations to their weights. Our results highlight the brittleness of post hoc concept erasure methods, and call into question their use in the algorithmic toolkit for AI safety.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext da993e7b-1c1a-451b-8f92-72f1791497caCited by top-tier papers37
- Defensive Unlearning with Adversarial Training for Robust Concept Erasure in Diffusion ModelsYimeng Zhang, Xin Chen, Jinghan Jia, Yihua Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 200 citations
- Direct Unlearning Optimization for Robust and Safe Text-to-Image ModelsYong-Hyun Park, Sangdoo Yun, Jin-Hwa Kim, Junho Kim et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 60 citations
- CURE: Concept Unlearning via Orthogonal Representation Editing in Diffusion ModelsShristi Das Biswas, Arani Roy, Kaushik RoyNeurIPS 2025 · 30 citations
- Yuan: Yielding Unblemished Aesthetics Through a Unified Network for Visual Imperfections Removal in Generated ImagesZhenyu Yu, Chee Seng ChanAAAI 2025 · 22 citations
- Training-Free Safe Denoisers for Safe Use of Diffusion ModelsMingyu Kim, Dongjun Kim, Amman Yusuf, Stefano Ermon et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 21 citations
Builds on23
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image SynthesisPrafulla Dhariwal, Alexander Quinn NicholNeurIPS 2021 · 13,211 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Implicit ModelsJiaming Song, Chenlin Meng, Stefano ErmonICLR 2021 · 11,743 citations
Related papers
- Prototype-Guided Concept Erasure in Diffusion ModelsYuze Cai, Jiahao Lu, Hongxiang Shi, Yichao Zhou et al.CVPR 2026 · 3 citations
- ForceForget: Reinforcement Concept Removal for Enhancing Safety in Text-to-Image ModelsDong Han, Yong LiICML 2026
- Erasing Concepts from Diffusion ModelsRohit Gandikota, Joanna Materzynska, Jaden Fiotto-Kaufman, David BauICCV 2023 · 536 citations
- Beyond Text Prompts: Precise Concept Erasure through Text-Image CollaborationJun Li, Lizhi Xiong, Ziqiang Li, Weiwei Jiang et al.CVPR 2026 · 1 citation
- Erased but Not Forgotten: How Backdoors Compromise Concept ErasureTobias Braun, Jonas Henry Grebe, Patrick Mohr Gordillo, Marcus Rohrbach et al.ICML 2026
