Multi-order Orchestrated Curriculum Distillation for Model-Heterogeneous Federated Graph Learning

Federated Graph Learning (FGL) has been shown to be particularly effective in enabling collaborative training of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in decentralized settings. Model-heterogeneous FGL further enhances practical applicability by accommodating client preferences for diverse model architectures. However, existing model-heterogeneous approaches primarily target Euclidean data and fail to account for a crucial aspect of graph-structured data: topological relationships. To address this limitation, we propose TRUST , a novel knowledge distillation-based model-heterogeneous FGL framework. Specifically, we propose Progressive Curriculum Node Scheduler to progressively introduce challenging nodes based on learning difficulty. In Adaptive Curriculum Distillation Modulator, we propose an adaptive temperature modulator that dynamically adjusts knowledge distillation temperature to accommodate varying client capabilities and graph complexity. Moreover, we leverage Wasserstein-Driven Affinity Distillation to enable models to capture cross-class structural relationships through optimal transport. Extensive experiments on multiple graph benchmarks and model-heterogeneous settings show that TRUST outperforms existing methods, achieving an average 3.6% ↑ performance gain, particularly under moderate heterogeneity conditions. The code is available for anonymous access at https://github.com/GuanchengWan/TRUST .