FIND: Fine-tuning Initial Noise Distribution with Policy Optimization for Diffusion Models
Changgu Chen, Libing Yang, Xiaoyan Yang, Lianggangxu Chen, Gaoqi He, Changbo Wang, Yang Li
Abstract
In recent years, large-scale pre-trained diffusion models have demonstrated their outstanding capabilities in image and video generation tasks. However, existing models tend to produce visual objects commonly found in the training dataset, which diverges from user input prompts. The underlying reason behind the inaccurate generated results lies in the model's difficulty in sampling from specific intervals of the initial noise distribution corresponding to the prompt. Moreover, it is challenging to directly optimize the initial distribution, given that the diffusion process involves multiple denoising steps. In this paper, we introduce a Fine-tuning Initial Noise Distribution (FIND) framework with policy optimization, which unleashes the powerful potential of pre-trained diffusion networks by directly optimizing the initial distribution to align the generated contents with user-input prompts. To this end, we first reformulate the diffusion denoising procedure as a one-step Markov decision process and employ policy optimization to directly optimize the initial distribution. In addition, a dynamic reward calibration module is proposed to ensure training stability during optimization. Furthermore, we introduce a ratio clipping algorithm to utilize historical data for network training and prevent the optimized distribution from deviating too far from the original policy to restrain excessive optimization magnitudes. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in both text-to-image and text-to-video tasks, surpassing SOTA methods in achieving consistency between prompts and the generated content. Our method achieves 10 times faster than the SOTA approach.
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Cited by top-tier papers13
- Physics-Informed Distillation of Diffusion Models for PDE-Constrained GenerationYi Zhang, Peng Wang, Difan ZouICML 2026 · 9 citations
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- Noise Matters: Optimizing Matching Noise for Diffusion ClassifiersYanghao Wang, Long ChenNeurIPS 2025 · 7 citations
- FeRA: Frequency-Energy Constrained Routing for Effective Diffusion Adaptation Fine-TuningBo Yin, Xiaobin Hu, Xingyu Zhou, Yu HE et al.ICML 2026 · 5 citations
- Antithetic Noise in Diffusion ModelsJing Jia, Sifan Liu, Bowen Song, Wei Yuan et al.ICLR 2026 · 4 citations
Builds on32
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image SynthesisPrafulla Dhariwal, Alexander Quinn NicholNeurIPS 2021 · 13,211 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- Directly Denoising Diffusion ModelsDan Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Feng LuoICML 2024 · 11,724 citations
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