The Death and Life of Great Prompts: Analyzing the Evolution of LLM Prompts from the Structural Perspective
Yihan Ma, Xinyue Shen, Yixin Wu, Boyang Zhang, Michael Backes, Yang Zhang
Abstract
Effective utilization of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, relies on the quality of input prompts. This paper explores prompt engineering, specifically focusing on the disparity between experimentally designed prompts and real-world "in-the-wild" prompts. We analyze 10,538 in-the-wild prompts collected from various platforms and develop a framework that decomposes the prompts into eight key components. Our analysis shows that Role and Requirement are the most prevalent two components. Roles specified in the prompts, along with their capabilities, have become increasingly varied over time, signifying a broader range of application scenarios for LLMs. However, from the response of GPT-4, there is a marginal improvement with a specified role, whereas leveraging less prevalent components such as Capability and Demonstration can result in a more satisfying response. Overall, our work sheds light on the essential components of in-the-wild prompts and the effectiveness of these components on the broader landscape of LLM prompt engineering, providing valuable guidelines for the LLM community to optimize high-quality prompts.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext ce5d4c66-3977-4a7a-af0c-60ca92e00cc6Cited by top-tier papers2
- What Makes a Good Natural Language Prompt?Do Xuan Long, Duy Dinh, Ngoc-Hai Nguyen, Kenji Kawaguchi et al.ACL 2025 · 13 citations
- Measuring Distribution Shift in User Prompts and Its Effects on LLM PerformanceParker Seegmiller, Sarah Masud PreumACL 2026 · 1 citation
Builds on11
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and ComprehensionMike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad et al.ACL 2020 · 1,224 citations
Related papers
- Exploring Modular Prompt Design for Emotion and Mental Health RecognitionMinseo Kim, Taemin Kim, Thu Hoang Anh Vo, Yugyeong Jung et al.CHI 2025 · 11 citations
- Why Johnny Can't Prompt: How Non-AI Experts Try (and Fail) to Design LLM PromptsJ. D. Zamfirescu-Pereira, Richmond Y. Wong, Bjoern Hartmann, Qian YangCHI 2023 · 892 citations
- ORPP: Self-Optimizing Role-playing Prompts to Enhance Language Model CapabilitiesYifan Duan, Yihong Tang, Kehai Chen, Liqiang Nie et al.EMNLP 2025
- How General-Purpose Is a Language Model? Usefulness and Safety with Human Prompters in the WildPablo Antonio Moreno Casares, Bao Sheng Loe, John Burden, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh et al.AAAI 2022 · 3 citations
- Improving Large Language Models Function Calling and Interpretability via Guided-Structured TemplatesHy Dang, Tianyi Liu, Zhuofeng Wu, Jingfeng Yang et al.EMNLP 2025
