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ACL Findings2025

ETRQA: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Event Temporal Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models

Sigang Luo, Yinan Liu, Dongying Lin, Yingying Zhai, Bin Wang, Xiaochun Yang, Junpeng Liu

Abstract

Event temporal reasoning (ETR) aims to model and reason about the relationships between events and time, as well as between events in the real world. Proficiency in ETR is a significant indicator that a large language model (LLM) truly understands the physical world. Previous question-answering datasets available for evaluating the ETR ability lack a systematic taxonomy and pay limited attention to compound questions. In this paper, we propose a unified taxonomy for event temporal questions and construct a comprehensive benchmark ETRQA, to evaluate the ETR abilities of LLMs based on this taxonomy. ETRQA not only inherits and expands the evaluation content of existing datasets but also contains multiple categories of compound questions. We evaluate two leading LLM series, Llama and Qwen, on ETRQA across various settings. Our experimental results indicate that large-scale LLMs exhibit certain ETR abilities. Yet they do not perform well in solving specific types of reasoning tasks, including reasoning involving time spans, reasoning for compound questions, and reasoning with fine temporal granularity. Additionally, we hope ETRQA can benefit the temporal reasoning research community for future studies. 1

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Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. DiagLink: A Dual-User Diagnostic Assistance System by Synergizing Experts with LLMs and Knowledge GraphsZihan Zhou, Yinan Liu, Yuyang Xie, Bin Wang et al.CHI 2026 · 1 citation
  2. Beyond Timestamps: Bridging Forward and Backward Reasoning in Temporal Numerical and Relational UnderstandingXinying Qian, Ying Zhang, Xuhui Sui, Yu Zhao et al.ACL 2026
  3. Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in LLMsSoyeon Kim, Jindong Wang, Xing Xie, Steven Euijong WhangICLR 2026

Builds on20

  1. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
  2. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
  3. Large Language Models are Zero-Shot ReasonersTakeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,168 citations
  4. Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A SurveyJie Huang, Kevin Chen-Chuan ChangACL Findings 2023 · 428 citations
  5. Reasoning with Language Model Prompting: A SurveyShuofei Qiao, Yixin Ou, Ningyu Zhang, Xiang Chen et al.ACL 2023 · 124 citations

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  2. Do Language Models Have a Common Sense regarding Time? Revisiting Temporal Commonsense Reasoning in the Era of Large Language ModelsRaghav Jain, Daivik Sojitra, Arkadeep Acharya, Sriparna Saha et al.EMNLP 2023 · 17 citations
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