ConTextual: Evaluating Context-Sensitive Text-Rich Visual Reasoning in Large Multimodal Models
Rohan Wadhawan, Hritik Bansal, Kai-Wei Chang, Nanyun Peng
Abstract
Many real-world tasks require an agent to reason jointly over text and visual objects, (e.g., navigating in public spaces), which we refer to as context-sensitive text-rich visual reasoning. Specifically, these tasks require an understanding of the context in which the text interacts with visual elements within an image. However, there is a lack of existing datasets to benchmark the state-of-the-art multimodal models' capability on context-sensitive text-rich visual reasoning. In this paper, we introduce ConTextual, a novel dataset featuring human-crafted instructions that require context-sensitive reasoning for text-rich images. We conduct experiments to assess the performance of 14 foundation models (GPT-4V, Gemini-Pro-Vision, LLaVA-Next) and establish a human performance baseline. Further, we perform human evaluations of the model responses and observe a significant performance gap of 30.8% between GPT-4V (the current best-performing Large Multimodal Model) and human performance. Our fine-grained analysis reveals that GPT-4V encounters difficulties interpreting time-related data and infographics. However, it demonstrates proficiency in comprehending abstract visual contexts such as memes and quotes. Finally, our qualitative analysis uncovers various factors contributing to poor performance including lack of precise visual perception and hallucinations. Our dataset, code, and leaderboard can be found on the project page https://con-textual.github.io/
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Cited by top-tier papers6
- OpenVLThinker: Complex Vision-Language Reasoning via Iterative SFT-RL CyclesYihe Deng, Hritik Bansal, Fan Yin, Nanyun Peng et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 61 citations
- OCR-Reasoning Benchmark: Unveiling the True Capabilities of MLLMs in Complex Text-Rich Image ReasoningMingxin Huang, Yongxin Shi, Dezhi Peng, Songxuan Lai et al.ICLR 2026 · 28 citations
- HoneyBee: Data Recipes for Vision-Language ReasonersHritik Bansal, Devendra Singh Sachan, Kai-Wei Chang, Aditya Grover et al.CVPR 2026 · 12 citations
- ImpText: A Benchmark and Tool-Augmented Framework for Implicit Text ReasoningLitao Guo, Jinsong Zhou, Shuaibo Li, Man CHEN et al.ICML 2026
- Century: A Framework and Dataset for Evaluating Historical Contextualisation of Sensitive ImagesCanfer Akbulut, Kevin Robinson, Maribeth Rauh, Isabela Albuquerque et al.ICLR 2025
Builds on18
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Visual Instruction TuningHaotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, Yong Jae LeeNeurIPS 2023 · 11,349 citations
- InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction TuningWenliang Dai, Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Anthony Meng Huat Tiong et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 4,013 citations
- The Hateful Memes Challenge: Detecting Hate Speech in Multimodal MemesDouwe Kiela, Hamed Firooz, Aravind Mohan, Vedanuj Goswami et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 1,022 citations
- ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for ReasoningDídac Surís, Sachit Menon, Carl VondrickICCV 2023 · 732 citations
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