Rapid mixing for Gibbs states within a logical sector: a dynamical view of self-correcting quantum memories

Self-correcting quantum memories store logical quantum information for exponential time in thermal equilibrium at low temperatures. By definition, these systems are slow mixing. This raises the question of how the memory state, which we refer to as the Gibbs state within a logical sector, is created in the first place.

In this paper, we show that for a broad class of self-correcting quantum memories on lattices with parity check redundancies, a quasi-local quantum Gibbs sampler rapidly converges to the corresponding low-temperature Gibbs state within a logical sector when initialized from a ground state. This illustrates a dynamical view of self-correcting quantum memories, where the "syndrome sector" rapidly converges to thermal equilibrium, while the "logical sector" remains metastable. As a key application, when initialized from a random ground state, this gives a rapid Gibbs state preparation algorithm for the 4D toric code in polylog(n) depth. The main technical ingredients behind our approach are new, low-temperature decay-of-correlation properties for these metastable states.