Large-Scale Notification Dispatch with Bundle Treatments and Multi-Outcome Uplift Optimization
Jiajing Xu, Yanyun Li, Songyongbao, Minqin Zhu, Huxiao Ji, Linchuan Li, Cunyi Zhang, lixuanping, Kaiqiao Zhan, Yanan Niu
Abstract
Notification dispatch plays a critical role in large-scale user engagement, involving complex trade-offs across notification timing, presentation style, multiple outcomes, and constraints. In this paper, we formulate it as a constrained optimization over bundle treatments that jointly specify timing and presentation style, aiming to maximize incremental Daily Active Users (DAU) subject to platform-level budget and device vendor-specific quota constraints. The problem is challenging due to multi-dimensional, small-effect uplift estimation and large-scale constrained optimization. To address these challenges, we propose undle plift ptimization with runed agrangian-based elaxation (BUOPLR), a two-stage notification dispatch method that decouples uplift estimation from constrained decision-making. BUOPLR first learns bundle-level, multi-outcome small uplift through an architecture that captures cross-treatment and cross-outcome relationships, and then performs scalable assignment by restricting the decision space and applying Lagrangian relaxation to a small set of global constraints. Offline experiments show BUOPLR outperforms state-of-the-art methods, and online A/B tests increase DAU by 0.5%. BUOPLR is now deployed on Kuaishou, a large-scale short video platform serving over 100 million users daily.
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