MARS: Mixture of Auto-Regressive Models for Fine-grained Text-to-image Synthesis
Wanggui He, Siming Fu, Mushui Liu, Xierui Wang, Wenyi Xiao, Fangxun Shu, Yi Wang, Lei Zhang, Zhelun Yu, Haoyuan Li, Ziwei Huang, Leilei Gan, Hao Jiang
Abstract
Auto-regressive models have made significant progress in the realm of text-to-image synthesis, yet devising an appropriate model architecture and training strategy to achieve a satisfactory level remains an important avenue of exploration. In this work, we introduce MARS, a novel framework for T2I generation that incorporates a specially designed Semantic Vision-Language Integration Expert (SemVIE). This innovative component integrates pre-trained LLMs by independently processing linguistic and visual information—freezing the textual component while fine-tuning the visual component. This methodology preserves the NLP capabilities of LLMs while imbuing them with exceptional visual understanding. Building upon the powerful base of the pre-trained Qwen-7B, MARS stands out with its bilingual generative capabilities corresponding to both English and Chinese language prompts and the capacity for joint image and text generation. The flexibility of this framework lends itself to migration towards any-to-any task adaptability. Furthermore, MARS employs a multi-stage training strategy that first establishes robust image-text alignment through complementary bidirectional tasks and subsequently concentrates on refining the T2I generation process, significantly augmenting text-image synchrony and the granularity of image details. Notably, MARS requires only 9% of the GPU days needed by SD1.5, yet it achieves remarkable results across a variety of benchmarks, illustrating the training efficiency and the potential for swift deployment in various applications.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers22
- LMFusion: Adapting Pretrained Language Models for Multimodal GenerationWeijia Shi, Xiaochuang Han, Chunting Zhou, Weixin Liang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 134 citations
- Attentive Eraser: Unleashing Diffusion Model's Object Removal Potential via Self-Attention Redirection GuidanceWenhao Sun, Xue-Mei Dong, Benlei Cui, Jingqun TangAAAI 2025 · 50 citations
- FlexVAR: Flexible Visual Autoregressive Modeling without Residual PredictionSiyu Jiao, Gengwei Zhang, Yinlong Qian, Jiancheng Huang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 23 citations
- FARMER: Flow AutoRegressive Transformer over PixelsGuangting Zheng, Qinyu Zhao, Tao Yang, Fei Xiao et al.CVPR 2026 · 17 citations
- Towards Better & Faster Autoregressive Image Generation: From the Perspective of EntropyXiaoxiao Ma, Feng Zhao, Pengyang Ling, Haibo Qiu et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 12 citations
Builds on31
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language UnderstandingChitwan Saharia, William Chan, Saurabh Saxena, Lala Li et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,965 citations
Related papers
- Vision as a Dialect: Unifying Visual Understanding and Generation via Text-Aligned RepresentationsJiaming Han, Hao Chen, Yang Zhao, Hanyu Wang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 50 citations
- X-Fusion: Introducing New Modality to Frozen Large Language ModelsSicheng Mo, Thao Nguyen, Xun Huang, Siddharth Srinivasan Iyer et al.ICCV 2025
- SynerGen-VL: Towards Synergistic Image Understanding and Generation with Vision Experts and Token FoldingHao Li, Changyao Tian, Jie Shao, Xizhou Zhu et al.CVPR 2025
- Text4Seg: Reimagining Image Segmentation as Text GenerationMengcheng Lan, Chaofeng Chen, Yue Zhou, Jiaxing Xu et al.ICLR 2025
- MANZANO: A Simple and Scalable Unified Multimodal Model with a Hybrid Vision TokenizerYanghao Li, Rui Qian, Bowen Pan, Haotian Zhang et al.ICLR 2026 · 16 citations
