R2E: Turning any Github Repository into a Programming Agent Environment
Naman Jain, Manish Shetty, Tianjun Zhang, King Han, Koushik Sen, Ion Stoica
Abstract
While Large Language Models' (LLMS) coding capabilities have advanced rapidly, corresponding evaluation benchmarks on real-world programming setups are yet to catch up. Building a scalable and interactive testbed for evaluating general-purpose AI programming agents for real-world code has been challenging, particularly due to a lack of high-quality test suites available. In this paper, we present Repository to Environment (R2E), a framework that can turn any GITHUB repository into a test environment to evaluate the performance of code-generating systems, both static and interactive. R2E is powered by a synergistic combination of program analysis and LLMS to construct equivalence test harnesses for any GITHUB function. We instantiate our framework to build the first large-scale benchmark, R2E-Eval1, for building realistic environments for AI coding assistants. Our results demonstrate that even when SOTA models cannot generate correct solutions with advanced prompting techniques, they can effectively use environment feedback highlighting the need to move from static functional coding to interactive programming paradigm. We hope that our framework (and the instantiated benchmark) can motivate research directions by providing web-scale openended coding environments.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers8
- Hybrid-Gym: Training Coding Agents to Generalize Across TasksYiqing Xie, Emmy Liu, Gaokai Zhang, Nachiket Kotalwar et al.ICML 2026 · 4 citations
- DrainCode: Stealthy Energy Consumption Attacks on Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation via Context PoisoningYanli Wang, Jiadong Wu, Tianyue Jiang, Mingwei Liu et al.ASE 2025 · 3 citations
- FormulaCode: Evaluating Agentic Optimization on Large CodebasesAtharva Sehgal, James Hou, Akanksha Sarkar, Ishaan Mantripragada et al.ICML 2026 · 3 citations
- AutoBaxBuilder: Bootstrapping Code Security BenchmarkingTobias von Arx, Niels Mündler, Mark Vero, Maximilian Baader et al.ICML 2026 · 1 citation
- Copilot Arena: A Platform for Code LLM Evaluation in the WildWayne Chi, Valerie Chen, Anastasios Nikolas Angelopoulos, Wei-Lin Chiang et al.ICML 2025
Builds on15
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language ModelsShunyu Yao, Dian Yu, Jeffrey Zhao, Izhak Shafran et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 5,068 citations
- Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-FeedbackAman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 4,972 citations
- Is Your Code Generated by ChatGPT Really Correct? Rigorous Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code GenerationJiawei Liu, Chunqiu Steven Xia, Yuyao Wang, Lingming ZhangNeurIPS 2023 · 2,317 citations
- Teaching Large Language Models to Self-DebugXinyun Chen, Maxwell Lin, Nathanael Schärli, Denny ZhouICLR 2024 · 1,085 citations
Related papers
- CodeAgent: Enhancing Code Generation with Tool-Integrated Agent Systems for Real-World Repo-level Coding ChallengesKechi Zhang, Jia Li, Ge Li, Xianjie Shi et al.ACL 2024
- RECODE-H: A Benchmark for Research Code Development with Interactive Human FeedbackChunyu Miao, Henry Peng Zou, Yangning Li, Yankai Chen et al.ICLR 2026 · 25 citations
- Repo2Run: Automated Building Executable Environment for Code Repository at ScaleRuida Hu, Chao Peng, Xinchen Wang, Junjielong Xu et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 49 citations
- Can Language Models Replace Programmers for Coding? REPOCOD Says 'Not Yet'Shanchao Liang, Nan Jiang, Yiran Hu, Lin TanACL 2025 · 9 citations
- Commit0: Library Generation from ScratchWenting Zhao, Nan Jiang, Celine Lee, Justin T. Chiu et al.ICLR 2025
