Simpler Diffusion: 1.5 FID on ImageNet512 with Pixel-space Diffusion
Emiel Hoogeboom, Thomas Mensink, Jonathan Heek, Kay Lamerigts, Ruiqi Gao, Tim Salimans
Abstract
Latent diffusion models have become the popular choice for scaling up diffusion models for high resolution image synthesis. Compared to pixel-space models that are trained endto-end, latent models are perceived to be more efficient and to produce higher image quality at high resolution. Here we challenge these notions, and show that pixel-space models can be very competitive to latent models both in quality and efficiency, achieving 1.5 FID on ImageNet512 and new SOTA results on ImageNet128, ImageNet256 and Kinetics600. We present a simple recipe for scaling end-to-end pixelspace diffusion models to high resolutions. 1: Use the sigmoid loss-weighting [25] with our prescribed hyperparameters. 2: Use our simplified memory-efficient architecture with fewer skip-connections. 3: Scale the model to favor processing the image at a high resolution with fewer parameters, rather than using more parameters at a lower resolution. Combining these with guidance intervals, we obtain a family of pixel-space diffusion models we call Simpler Diffusion (SiD2).
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext b2b65a33-26d1-4163-acd9-7bd20e995e48Cited by top-tier papers6
- Spectrally-Guided Diffusion Noise SchedulesCarlos Esteves, Ameesh MakadiaICML 2026 · 4 citations
- Rényi Diffusion ModelsYirong Shen, Lu GAN, Cong LingICML 2026 · 4 citations
- PyramidalWan: On Making Pretrained Video Model Pyramidal for Efficient InferenceDenis Korzhenkov, Adil Karjauv, Animesh Karnewar, Mohsen Ghafoorian et al.CVPR 2026 · 3 citations
- VFMF: Dense Forecasting by Generating Foundation Model FeaturesGabrijel Boduljak, Yushi Lan, Christian Rupprecht, Andrea VedaldiICML 2026
- WIND: Weather Inverse Diffusion for Zero-Shot Atmospheric ModelingMichael Aich, Andreas Fürst, Florian Sestak, Carlos Ruiz-Gonzalez et al.ICML 2026
Builds on35
- Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic ModelsJonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, Pieter AbbeelNeurIPS 2020 · 35,902 citations
- An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
- Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image SynthesisPrafulla Dhariwal, Alexander Quinn NicholNeurIPS 2021 · 13,211 citations
- High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion ModelsRobin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser et al.CVPR 2022 · 13,123 citations
- Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language UnderstandingChitwan Saharia, William Chan, Saurabh Saxena, Lala Li et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,965 citations
Related papers
- DiP: Taming Diffusion Models in Pixel SpaceZhennan Chen, Junwei Zhu, Xu Chen, Jiangning Zhang et al.CVPR 2026 · 46 citations
- PixelDiT: Pixel Diffusion Transformers for Image GenerationYongsheng Yu, Wei Xiong, Weili Nie, Yichen Sheng et al.CVPR 2026 · 82 citations
- Latent Forcing: Reordering the Diffusion Trajectory for Pixel-Space Image GenerationAlan Baade, Eric Chan, Kyle Sargent, Changan Chen et al.ICML 2026 · 25 citations
- simple diffusion: End-to-end diffusion for high resolution imagesEmiel Hoogeboom, Jonathan Heek, Tim SalimansICML 2023 · 403 citations
- Scalable High-Resolution Pixel-Space Image Synthesis with Hourglass Diffusion TransformersKatherine Crowson, Stefan Andreas Baumann, Alex Birch, Tanishq Mathew Abraham et al.ICML 2024 · 98 citations
