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ACL Findings2025

Social Bias Benchmark for Generation: A Comparison of Generation and QA-Based Evaluations

Jiho Jin, Woosung Kang, Junho Myung, Alice Oh

Abstract

Warning: This paper contains examples of stereotypes and biases.

Measuring social bias in large language models (LLMs) is crucial, but existing bias evaluation methods struggle to assess bias in longform generation. We propose a Bias Benchmark for Generation (BBG), an adaptation of the Bias Benchmark for QA (BBQ), designed to evaluate social bias in long-form generation by having LLMs generate continuations of story prompts. Building our benchmark in English and Korean, we measure the probability of neutral and biased generations across ten LLMs. We also compare our long-form story generation evaluation results with multiplechoice BBQ evaluation, showing that the two approaches produce inconsistent results.

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Builds on11

  1. BBQ: A hand-built bias benchmark for question answeringAlicia Parrish, Angelica Chen, Nikita Nangia, Vishakh Padmakumar et al.ACL Findings 2022 · 186 citations
  2. Marked Personas: Using Natural Language Prompts to Measure Stereotypes in Language ModelsMyra Cheng, Esin Durmus, Dan JurafskyACL 2023 · 89 citations
  3. ROBBIE: Robust Bias Evaluation of Large Generative Language ModelsDavid Esiobu, Xiaoqing Ellen Tan, Saghar Hosseini, Megan Ung et al.EMNLP 2023 · 16 citations
  4. "My Answer is C": First-Token Probabilities Do Not Match Text Answers in Instruction-Tuned Language ModelsXinpeng Wang, Bolei Ma, Chengzhi Hu, Leon Weber-Genzel et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 16 citations
  5. Ask LLMs Directly, "What shapes your bias?": Measuring Social Bias in Large Language ModelsJisu Shin, Hoyun Song, Huije Lee, Soyeong Jeong et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 9 citations

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