XPERT: Expert Knowledge Transfer for Effective Training of Language Models

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models organize knowledge into explicitly routed expert modules, making expert-level representations traceable and analyzable. By analyzing expert activation patterns in MoE language large models (LLMs), we find that a subset of experts is consistently activated across diverse knowledge domains. These common experts encode cross-domain, generalizable knowledge that is closely related to model generalization, naturally raising the question of how such identifiable expert knowledge can be practically reused. Motivated by this observation, we propose XPERT, a training-free framework that extracts, consolidates, and reuses expert knowledge from pre-trained MoE LLMs to support effective training of language models across different model scales. XPERT identifies cross-domain experts via inference-only analysis, refines their representations through tensor decomposition, and adapts the extracted knowledge to be reused in downstream models. Experiments on language understanding and dialogue generation benchmarks show that models benefiting from reused expert knowledge achieve consistently stronger performance and faster convergence compared to strong baselines. These results highlight MoE LLMs as structured and reusable knowledge sources, and demonstrate the value of expert-level knowledge reuse for improving model training.