ACL Findings2024
RankMean: Module-Level Importance Score for Merging Fine-tuned LLM Models
Gabriel J. Perin, Xuxi Chen, Shusen Liu, Bhavya Kailkhura, Zhangyang Wang, Brian Gallagher
Abstract
Traditionally, developing new language models (LMs) capable of addressing multiple tasks involves fine-tuning pre-trained LMs using a wide collection of datasets, a process that often incurs significant computational expenses. Model merging emerges as a cost-effective alternative, allowing the integration of existing models fine-tuned on different tasks into a single model that performs well across all tasks, eliminating the need for additional training. In this paper, we propose RankMean, an algorithm for merging fine-tuned LMs without requiring any downstream data. RankMean determines merging coefficients based on the relative rankings of weight change magnitudes and applies these coefficients for module-wise integration of various fine-tuned models. Our experimental results demonstrate that RankMean outperforms existing baseline methods on multiple benchmarks. The code is available at github.com/VITA-Group/RankMean.
Ask Lune
Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.
Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.
Lune answers from
the full paper · 2 top-tier papers that cite it · related work
Free to start. No credit card required.
Cited by top-tier papers2
Builds on15
- LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
- Model soups: averaging weights of multiple fine-tuned models improves accuracy without increasing inference timeMitchell Wortsman, Gabriel Ilharco, Samir Yitzhak Gadre, Rebecca Roelofs et al.ICML 2022 · 1,464 citations
- WizardLM: Empowering Large Pre-Trained Language Models to Follow Complex InstructionsCan Xu, Qingfeng Sun, Kai Zheng, Xiubo Geng et al.ICLR 2024 · 1,206 citations
- TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging ModelsPrateek Yadav, Derek Tam, Leshem Choshen, Colin A. Raffel et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 999 citations
- AlpacaFarm: A Simulation Framework for Methods that Learn from Human FeedbackYann Dubois, Chen Xuechen Li, Rohan Taori, Tianyi Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 948 citations
Related papers
- Unraveling LoRA Interference: Orthogonal Subspaces for Robust Model MergingHaobo Zhang, Jiayu ZhouACL 2025
- FroM: Frobenius Norm-Based Data-Free Adaptive Model MergingZijian Li, Xiaocheng Feng, Huixin Liu, Yichong Huang et al.EMNLP Findings 2025
- LM-Cocktail: Resilient Tuning of Language Models via Model MergingShitao Xiao, Zheng Liu, Peitian Zhang, Xingrun XingACL Findings 2024 · 15 citations
- PRIME: Ultra-Low-Rank Principal-Residual Model MergingSeung-Ho Lee, Kyungsu Lee, Bazarvaani Zuchi, Jeongmin Ahn et al.ACL Findings 2026
- Training-free LLM Merging for Multi-task LearningZichuan Fu, Xian Wu, Yejing Wang, Wanyu Wang et al.ACL 2025
