Multi-state Protein Sequence Design with DynamicMPNN

Structural biology has long been dominated by the one sequence, one structure, one function paradigm, yet many critical biological processes—from enzyme catalysis to membrane transport—depend on proteins that adopt multiple conformational states. Existing multi-state design approaches rely on post-hoc aggregation of single-state predictions, achieving poor experimental success rates compared to single-state design. We introduce DynamicMPNN, an inverse folding model explicitly trained to generate sequences compatible with multiple conformations through joint learning across conformational ensembles. Trained on 46,033 conformational pairs covering 75% of CATH superfamilies and evaluated using Alphafold 3, DynamicMPNN outperforms ProteinMPNN by up to 31% on decoy-normalized RMSD and by 12% on sequence recovery across our challenging multi-state protein benchmark.