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EMNLP Findings2021

Fight Fire with Fire: Fine-tuning Hate Detectors using Large Samples of Generated Hate Speech

Tomer Wullach, Amir Adler, Einat Minkov

Abstract

Automatic hate speech detection is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasetd, leading to poor generalization. We employ pretrained language models (LMs) to alleviate this data bottleneck. We utilize the GPT LM for generating large amounts of synthetic hate speech sequences from available labeled examples, and leverage the generated data in fine-tuning large pretrained LMs on hate detection. An empirical study using the models of BERT, RoBERTa and ALBERT, shows that this approach improves generalization significantly and consistently within and across data distributions. In fact, we find that generating relevant labeled hate speech sequences is preferable to using out-of-domain, and sometimes also within-domain, human-labeled examples.

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Cited by top-tier papers7

  1. Shortchanged: Uncovering and Analyzing Intimate Partner Financial Abuse in Consumer ComplaintsArkaprabha Bhattacharya, Kevin Lee, Vineeth Ravi, Jessica Staddon et al.CHI 2024 · 7 citations
  2. PREDICT: Multi-Agent-based Debate Simulation for Generalized Hate Speech DetectionSomeen Park, Jaehoon Kim, Seungwan Jin, Sohyun Park et al.EMNLP 2024 · 5 citations
  3. Delving into Qualitative Implications of Synthetic Data for Hate Speech DetectionCamilla Casula, Sebastiano Vecellio Salto, Alan Ramponi, Sara TonelliEMNLP 2024 · 1 citation
  4. Euphemistic Abuse - A New Dataset and Classification Experiments for Implicitly Abusive LanguageMichael Wiegand, Jana Kampfmeier, Elisabeth Eder, Josef RuppenhoferEMNLP 2023 · 1 citation
  5. Towards Author-informed NLP: Mind the Social BiasInbar Pendzel, Einat MinkovEMNLP 2025

Builds on4

  1. ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language RepresentationsZhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel et al.ICLR 2020 · 7,418 citations
  2. Do Not Have Enough Data? Deep Learning to the Rescue!Ateret Anaby-Tavor, Boaz Carmeli, Esther Goldbraich, Amir Kantor et al.AAAI 2020 · 398 citations
  3. Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and TasksSuchin Gururangan, Ana Marasovic, Swabha Swayamdipta, Kyle Lo et al.ACL 2020 · 93 citations
  4. Balancing via Generation for Multi-Class Text Classification ImprovementNaama Tepper, Esther Goldbraich, Naama Zwerdling, George Kour et al.EMNLP Findings 2020 · 9 citations

Related papers

  1. ConPrompt: Pre-training a Language Model with Machine-Generated Data for Implicit Hate Speech DetectionYoungwook Kim, Shinwoo Park, Youngsoo Namgoong, Yo-Sub HanEMNLP Findings 2023 · 11 citations
  2. HARALD: Augmenting Hate Speech Data Sets with Real DataIlan Tal, Dan VilenchikEMNLP Findings 2022 · 4 citations
  3. HABERTOR: An Efficient and Effective Deep Hatespeech DetectorThanh Tran, Yifan Hu, Changwei Hu, Kevin Yen et al.EMNLP 2020
  4. A little goes a long way: Improving toxic language classification despite data scarcityMika Juuti, Tommi Gröndahl, Adrian Flanagan, N. AsokanEMNLP Findings 2020 · 16 citations
  5. HateCOT: An Explanation-Enhanced Dataset for Generalizable Offensive Speech Detection via Large Language ModelsHuy Nghiem, Hal Daumé IIIEMNLP Findings 2024 · 10 citations
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