Grassroots Maker Perspectives on Participation in Do-It-Yourself Assistive Technology Development

The rise of digital fabrication, particularly 3D printing, has catalyzed a global movement in do-it-yourself assistive technology (DIY-AT), enabling individuals to create personalized, lower-cost solutions. While prior research has examined DIY-AT making within specific communities or affiliations, the common motivations, practices, and challenges of individual makers across different AT contexts have received comparatively little attention. To better understand design and development related to DIY-AT and broader maker perspectives, we interviewed DIY-AT makers on social media, online platforms, and through volunteer organizations. We conducted thematic analysis to examine their background, development, and collaboration. This study investigates how the grassroots makers navigate challenges in understanding user needs, sustaining long-term partnerships, and iterating on designs. Based on our study, we analyze current DIY-AT ecosystems from makers’ perspectives, identify makers’ roles in democratizing assistive solutions, and suggest areas for future research to empower AT users and foster sustainable DIY-AT development.