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ACL Findings2023

Beyond Triplet: Leveraging the Most Data for Multimodal Machine Translation

Yaoming Zhu, Zewei Sun, Shanbo Cheng, Luyang Huang, Liwei Wu, Mingxuan Wang

Abstract

Recent work has questioned the necessity of visual information in Multimodal Machine Translation (MMT). This paper tries to answer this question and build a new benchmark in this work. As the available dataset is simple and the text input is self-sufficient, we introduce a challenging dataset called EMMT, whose testset is deliberately designed to ensure ambiguity. More importantly, we study this problem in a real-word scenario towards making the most of multimodal training data. We propose a new framework 2 /3-Triplet which can naturally make full use of large-scale image-text and parallel text-only data. Extensive experiments show that visual information is highly crucial in EMMT. The proposed 2 /3-Triplet outperforms the strong text-only competitor by 3.8 BLEU score, and even bypasses a commercial translation system. 1

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Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. Multimodal Neural Machine Translation: A Survey of the State of the ArtYi Feng, Chuanyi Li, Jiatong He, Zhenyu Hou et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
  2. Scalable Multilingual Multimodal Machine Translation with Speech-Text FusionYexing Du, Youcheng Pan, Zekun Wang, Zheng Chu et al.ICLR 2026
  3. Make Imagination Clearer! Stable Diffusion-based Visual Imagination for Multimodal Machine TranslationAndong Chen, Yuchen Song, Kehai Chen, Xuefeng Bai et al.ACL 2025

Builds on16

  1. Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text SupervisionChao Jia, Yinfei Yang, Ye Xia, Yi-Ting Chen et al.ICML 2021 · 5,401 citations
  2. Multi-Grained Vision Language Pre-Training: Aligning Texts with Visual ConceptsYan Zeng, Xinsong Zhang, Hang LiICML 2022 · 371 citations
  3. A Novel Graph-based Multi-modal Fusion Encoder for Neural Machine TranslationYongjing Yin, Fandong Meng, Jinsong Su, Chulun Zhou et al.ACL 2020 · 145 citations
  4. Neural Machine Translation with Universal Visual RepresentationZhuosheng Zhang, Kehai Chen, Rui Wang, Masao Utiyama et al.ICLR 2020 · 117 citations
  5. On Vision Features in Multimodal Machine TranslationBei Li, Chuanhao Lv, Zefan Zhou, Tao Zhou et al.ACL 2022 · 82 citations

Related papers

  1. Incorporating Probing Signals into Multimodal Machine Translation via Visual Question-Answering PairsYuxin Zuo, Bei Li, Chuanhao Lv, Tong Zheng et al.EMNLP Findings 2023
  2. Soul-Mix: Enhancing Multimodal Machine Translation with Manifold MixupXuxin Cheng, Ziyu Yao, Yifei Xin, Hao An et al.ACL 2024 · 3 citations
  3. Probing Multi-modal Machine Translation with Pre-trained Language ModelYawei Kong, Kai FanACL Findings 2021 · 13 citations
  4. Multimodal Machine Translation with Text-Image In-depth QuestioningYue Gao, Jing Zhao, Shiliang Sun, Xiaosong Qiao et al.ACL Findings 2025
  5. LVP-M3: Language-aware Visual Prompt for Multilingual Multimodal Machine TranslationHongcheng Guo, Jiaheng Liu, Haoyang Huang, Jian Yang et al.EMNLP 2022 · 9 citations
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