Spreadsheet Comprehension: Guesswork, Giving Up and Going Back to the Author

Spreadsheet users routinely read, and misread, others' spreadsheets, but literature ofers only a high-level understanding of users' comprehension behaviors. This limits our ability to support millions of users in spreadsheet comprehension activities. Therefore, we conducted a think-aloud study of 15 spreadsheet users who read others' spreadsheets as part of their work. With qualitative coding of participants' comprehension needs, strategies and difculties at 20-second granularity, our study provides the most detailed understanding of spreadsheet comprehension to date.

Participants comprehending spreadsheets spent around 40% of their time seeking additional information needed to understand the spreadsheet. These information seeking episodes were tedious: around 50% of participants reported feeling overwhelmed. Moreover, participants often failed to obtain the necessary information and worked instead with guesses about the spreadsheet. Eventually, 12 out of 15 participants decided to go back to the spreadsheet's author for clarifcations. Our fndings have design implications for reading as well as writing spreadsheets.

• Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI); Empirical studies in HCI; • Software and its engineering → Software creation and management; Software post-development issues; Maintaining software..