Beyond Node-Centric Modeling: Sketching Signed Networks with Simplicial Complexes

Signed networks can reflect more complex connections through positive and negative edges, and cost-effective signed network sketching can significantly benefit an important link sign prediction task in the era of big data. Existing signed network embedding algorithms mainly learn node representation in the Graph Neural Network (GNN) framework with the balance theory. However, the node-wise representation learning methods either limit the representational power because they primarily rely on node pairwise relationship in the network, or suffer from severe efficiency issues. Recent research has explored simplicial complexes to capture higher-order interactions and integrated them into GNN frameworks. Motivated by that, we propose EdgeSketch+, a simple and effective edge embedding algorithm beyond traditional node-centric modeling that directly represents edges as low-dimensional vectors without transitioning from node embeddings. The proposed approach maintains a good balance between accuracy and efficiency by exploiting the Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) technique to swiftly capture the higher-order information derived from the simplicial complex in a manner of no learning processes. Experiments show that EdgeSketch+ matches state-of-the-art accuracy while significantly reducing runtime, achieving speedups of up to 546 . 07 × compared to GNN-based methods 2 .