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ACL Findings2025

KVPR: Efficient LLM Inference with I/O-Aware KV Cache Partial Recomputation

Chaoyi Jiang, Lei Gao, Hossein Entezari Zarch, Murali Annavaram

Abstract

Inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is computationally demanding.To reduce the cost of auto-regressive decoding, Key-Value (KV) cache is used to store intermediate activations, which significantly lowers the computational overhead for token generation.However, the memory required for the KV cache grows rapidly, often exceeding the capacity of GPU memory.A cost-effective alternative is * These authors contributed equally.

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Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. HotPrefix: Hotness-Aware KV Cache Scheduling for Efficient Prefix Sharing in LLM Inference SystemsYuhang Li, Rong Gu, Chengying Huan, Zhibin Wang et al.SIGMOD 2026 · 9 citations
  2. ReMoE: Boosting Expert Reuse through Router Fine-Tuning in Memory-Constrained MoE LLM InferenceXiongwei Zhu, Xiaojian Liao, Tianyang Jiang, Yusen Zhang et al.ICML 2026 · 2 citations
  3. High Throughput and Low Latency LLM Serving via Adaptive KV CachingWenyan Chen, Chengzhi Lu, Huanle Xu, Kejiang Ye et al.EuroSys 2026

Builds on15

  1. FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-AwarenessTri Dao, Daniel Y. Fu, Stefano Ermon, Atri Rudra et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 5,493 citations
  2. CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model SocietyGuohao Li, Hasan Hammoud, Hani Itani, Dmitrii Khizbullin et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 1,975 citations
  3. Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention SinksGuangxuan Xiao, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Song Han et al.ICLR 2024 · 1,714 citations
  4. Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentionWoosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng et al.SOSP 2023 · 1,016 citations
  5. H2O: Heavy-Hitter Oracle for Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language ModelsZhenyu Zhang, Ying Sheng, Tianyi Zhou, Tianlong Chen et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 1,003 citations

Related papers

  1. Model Tells You What to Discard: Adaptive KV Cache Compression for LLMsSuyu Ge, Yunan Zhang, Liyuan Liu, Minjia Zhang et al.ICLR 2024 · 432 citations
  2. Get More with LESS: Synthesizing Recurrence with KV Cache Compression for Efficient LLM InferenceHarry Dong, Xinyu Yang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhangyang Wang et al.ICML 2024 · 84 citations
  3. Efficient Cooperation-Aware Key and Value Management for LLM InferenceQiheng Sun, Hongwei Zhang, Junxu Liu, Haocheng Xia et al.VLDB 2026
  4. ArkVale: Efficient Generative LLM Inference with Recallable Key-Value EvictionRenze Chen, Zhuofeng Wang, Beiquan Cao, Tong Wu et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 56 citations
  5. IceCache: Memory-Efficient KV-cache Management for Long-Sequence LLMsYuzhen Mao, Qitong Wang, Martin Ester, Ke LiICLR 2026 · 6 citations
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