Lune

ACL Findings2022

On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmark

Hao Sun, Guangxuan Xu, Jiawen Deng, Jiale Cheng, Chujie Zheng, Hao Zhou, Nanyun Peng, Xiaoyan Zhu, Minlie Huang

Abstract

Dialogue safety problems severely limit the real-world deployment of neural conversational models and have attracted great research interests recently. However, dialogue safety problems remain under-defined and the corresponding dataset is scarce. We propose a taxonomy for dialogue safety specifically designed to capture unsafe behaviors in humanbot dialogue settings, with focuses on contextsensitive unsafety, which is under-explored in prior works. To spur research in this direction, we compile DIASAFETY, a dataset with rich context-sensitive unsafe examples. Experiments show that existing safety guarding tools fail severely on our dataset. As a remedy, we train a dialogue safety classifier to provide a strong baseline for context-sensitive dialogue unsafety detection. With our classifier, we perform safety evaluations on popular conversational models and show that existing dialogue systems still exhibit concerning contextsensitive safety problems. 1

Disclaimer: The paper contains example data that may be very offensive or upsetting.

Ask Lune

Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.

Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.

Questions to start from

Lune answers from

the full paper · 19 top-tier papers that cite it · related work

Get the answer

Free to start. No credit card required.

Cited by top-tier papers19

  1. On Prompt-Driven Safeguarding for Large Language ModelsChujie Zheng, Fan Yin, Hao Zhou, Fandong Meng et al.ICML 2024 · 116 citations
  2. COLD: A Benchmark for Chinese Offensive Language DetectionJiawen Deng, Jingyan Zhou, Hao Sun, Chujie Zheng et al.EMNLP 2022 · 82 citations
  3. Mirages. On Anthropomorphism in Dialogue SystemsGavin Abercrombie, Amanda Cercas Curry, Tanvi Dinkar, Verena Rieser et al.EMNLP 2023 · 44 citations
  4. Why So Toxic?: Measuring and Triggering Toxic Behavior in Open-Domain ChatbotsWai Man Si, Michael Backes, Jeremy Blackburn, Emiliano De Cristofaro et al.CCS 2022 · 34 citations
  5. Steering MoE LLMs via Expert (De)ActivationMohsen Fayyaz, Ali Modarressi, Hanieh Deilamsalehy, Franck Dernoncourt et al.ICLR 2026 · 28 citations

Builds on11

  1. The Curious Case of Neural Text DegenerationAri Holtzman, Jan Buys, Li Du, Maxwell Forbes et al.ICLR 2020 · 4,112 citations
  2. RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language ModelsSamuel Gehman, Suchin Gururangan, Maarten Sap, Yejin Choi et al.EMNLP Findings 2020 · 692 citations
  3. MedDialog: Large-scale Medical Dialogue DatasetsGuangtao Zeng, Wenmian Yang, Zeqian Ju, Yue Yang et al.EMNLP 2020 · 163 citations
  4. PLATO-2: Towards Building an Open-Domain Chatbot via Curriculum LearningSiqi Bao, Huang He, Fan Wang, Hua Wu et al.ACL Findings 2021 · 94 citations
  5. PsyQA: A Chinese Dataset for Generating Long Counseling Text for Mental Health SupportHao Sun, Zhenru Lin, Chujie Zheng, Siyang Liu et al.ACL Findings 2021 · 69 citations

Related papers

  1. SafeConv: Explaining and Correcting Conversational Unsafe BehaviorMian Zhang, Lifeng Jin, Linfeng Song, Haitao Mi et al.ACL 2023 · 5 citations
  2. A Chinese Dataset for Evaluating the Safeguards in Large Language ModelsYuxia Wang, Zenan Zhai, Haonan Li, Xudong Han et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 8 citations
  3. GrandGuard: Taxonomy, Benchmark, and Safeguards for Elderly-Chatbot Interaction SafetyChangxuan Fan, Xi Yang, Yueyuan Zheng, Bin Zhou et al.ACL Findings 2026
  4. LongSafety: Evaluating Long-Context Safety of Large Language ModelsYida Lu, Jiale Cheng, Zhexin Zhang, Shiyao Cui et al.ACL 2025 · 6 citations
  5. Automatically Exposing Problems with Neural Dialog ModelsDian Yu, Kenji SagaeEMNLP 2021 · 5 citations
Dusk over the sea between two cliffs drawn in fine vertical lines